PyKX Changelog

Note

The changelog presented here outlines changes to PyKX when operating within a Python environment specifically, if you require changelogs associated with PyKX operating under a q environment see here.

PyKX 3.1.2

Release Date

2025-03-18

Fixes and Improvements

Fixes an issue when using PYKX_THREADING that could cause a segfault in some scenarios.

PyKX 3.1.1

Release Date

2025-02-14

Fixes and Improvements

Fixed issue whereby PyKX would prompt for user inputs if a license was not found in a non-interactive session, now correctly falls back to unlicensed mode.

PyKX 3.1.0

Release Date

2025-02-11

Additions

Added support for Python 3.13.
Added support for NumPy 2.0
Added kx.Lambda.value property to return the value of the Lambda object, specific details on return values are available here.
Added kx.Lambda.string property which returns the string of the Lambda function unaffected by console size as the inbuilt str(Lambda) method is.

Added ability for user to explicitly create Lambda objects from strings.

Python

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>>> import pykx as kx
>>> kx.Lambda('{1+1}')
pykx.Lambda(pykx.q('{1+1}'))

When using the kx.tick module users initializing a real-time processor (RTP) or historical database (HDB) can now provide the tables parameter at startup to allow definition of table schemas for derived data at initialization or using the set_tables method following process start.

Python

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>>> import pykx as kx
>>> prices = kx.schema.builder({
...     'time': kx.TimespanAtom  , 'sym': kx.SymbolAtom,
...     'exchange': kx.SymbolAtom, 'sz': kx.LongAtom,
...     'px': kx.FloatAtom})
>>> rte = kx.tick.RTP(port=5034,
...                   subscriptions = ['trade', 'quote'],
...                   tables = {'price': prices},
...                   vanilla=False)
>>> rte('price')
pykx.Table(pykx.q('
time sym exchange sz px
-----------------------
'))
>>> rte.set_tables({'px': prices})
>>> rte('px')
pykx.Table(pykx.q('
time sym exchange sz px
-----------------------
'))

Addition of reshape keyword to the .np() method of kx.List objects. This can provide two benefits:

Conversions of kx.List objects to NumPy by default produce an array of NumPy arrays rather than an N-Dimensional NumPy array. Setting reshape=True when handling N-Dimensional rectangular lists allows the shape to be pre-processed prior to conversion and a more natural N-Dimensional NumPy array to be generated.

Default conversion

Using reshape=True

Python

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>>> kx.q('2 2#4?1f').np()
array([
        array([0.47078825, 0.63467162]),
        array([0.96723983, 0.23063848])
      ],
    dtype=object)

Python

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>>> kx.q('2 2#4?1f').np(reshape=True)
array([[0.94997503, 0.43908099],
       [0.57590514, 0.59190043]])

Provide a performance boost when converting regularly shaped (rectangular) N-Dimensional lists of uniform type when the shape of the resulting numpy array is known prior to conversion

Python

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>>> import pykx as kx
        >>> lst = kx.q('100000 100 10#100000000?1f')
        >>> %timeit lst.np()
        9.72 s ± 272 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1 loop each)
        >>> %timeit lst.np(reshape=[100000, 100, 10])
        883ms ± 19.8 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1 loops each)

Added support for the creation and management of splayed format databases when using the pykx.DB class.

Python

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>>> import pykx as kx
>>> db = kx.DB(path='/tmp/splay')
>>> tab = kx.Table(data={
...     'date': kx.q('2015.01.01 2015.01.01 2015.01.02 2015.01.02'),
...     'ti': kx.q('09:30:00 09:31:00 09:30:00 09:31:00'),
...     'p': kx.q('101 102 101.5 102.5'),
...     'sz': kx.q('100 200 150 210'),
...     'sym': kx.q('`a`b`b`c')
... })
>>> db.create(tab, 'trade', format='splayed')
>>> db.list_columns('trade')
['date', 'ti', 'p', 'sz', 'sym']
>>> db.rename_columns('trade', 'p', 'price')
2025.01.28 11:18:54 renaming p to price in `:/tmp/splay/trade
>>> db.list_columns('trade')
['date', 'ti', 'price', 'sz', 'sym']

Addition of .copy() method for all pykx objects allowing users to modify copied objects without interfering with the original object.

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>>> import pykx as kx
>>> vec = kx.q.til(5)
>>> as_vec = vec
>>> cp_vec = vec.copy()
>>> vec[1] = 20
>>> vec
pykx.LongVector(pykx.q('0 20 2 3 4'))
>>> as_vec
pykx.LongVector(pykx.q('0 20 2 3 4'))
>>> cp_vec
pykx.LongVector(pykx.q('0 1 2 3 4'))

IPC file execution logic now allows execution of .py files on remote servers by executing using the Python exec function if PyKX is loaded on the remote server.

Python

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>>> import pykx as kx
>>> with kx.SyncQConnection(port=5050) as q:
...     q.file_execute('./file.py')

Added async_response keyword argument when calling AsyncQConnection objects with reuse=False and wait=False to allow keeping the connection alive until an asynchronous response message has been received.

Python

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>>> async with kx.AsyncQConnection(port=5050) as q:
>>>     future = await q('system"sleep 5"; show"x"; neg[.z.w]"til 5"', wait=False, reuse=False, async_response=True)
>>>     print(await future)
pykx.LongVector(pykx.q('0 1 2 3 4'))

Fixes and Improvements

Application of the str function on empty PyKX objects could return unexpected results

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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>>> import pykx as kx
>>> str(kx.q('()!()'))
''
>>> str(kx.q('()'))
''

Python

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        >>> import pykx as kx
        >>> str(kx.q('()!()'))
        '()!()'
        >>> str(kx.q('()'))
        '()'

Removal of previously deprecated use of keyword labels when using the rename method for table objects. Users should use the mapper keyword to maintain the same behavior.
Removal of now unneeded warning indicating that use of .pykx.q calls are not supported when operating in a threading environment.
Attempting to generate an fby clause using the syntax kx.Column().fby() now errors, instead pointing to the correct syntax kx.Column.fby().

When a client attempted to retrieve an object which could not be serialized from a PyKX server it resulted in the client process hanging. An appropriate error is now sent to the client.

Python

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q)h:hopen 5000
q)h".pykx.getattr"
'Result of query with return type '<class 'pykx.wrappers.Foreign'>' failed to serialize for IPC transport.

Addition of warning if the configuration value `QLIC` is set as a non directory path.

Python

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>>> import os
>>> os.environ['QLIC'] = 'invalid_path'
>>> import pykx as kx
UserWarning: Configuration value QLIC set to non directory value: invalid_path

Database generation functionality now allows users to pass any data-type which will convert to a pykx.Table as the table parameter, such as a pandas.DataFrame or pyarrow.Table.

Python

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>>> import pykx as kx
>>> import pandas as pd
>>> import numpy as np
>>> data = pd.DataFrame({
...     'time': np.array([1,2,3], dtype='timedelta64[us]'),
...     'sym': ['msft', 'ibm', 'ge'],
...     'qty': [100, 200, 150]})
>>> db = kx.DB(path='/tmp/db')
>>> db.create(data, 'tab', kx.DateAtom(2020, 1, 1))
Writing Database Partition 2020.01.01 to table tab

Attempting to create a partitioned databases/add a partition to a database with a sym_enum keyword but no by_field would result in a KeyError.
Improved output when a licence file cannot be found, full paths checked for a license file are now shown and default license installation process is offered to user.
Users are now given the option to input a base64 encoded string when activating an existing license

Using math.inf or -math.inf when creating numeric values now creates equivalent PyKX types

Python

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>>> import pykx as kx
>>> import math
>>> kx.ShortAtom(math.inf)
pykx.ShortAtom(pykx.q('0Wh'))
>>> kx.FloatAtom(-math.inf)
pykx.FloatAtom(pykx.q('-0w'))

Attempting to execute a local file on a remote connection containing multiple empty newlines would result in an execution error.

Python

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>>> import pykx as kx
>>> content = """.test.testFunc:{[x;y]
...     z: 1+1;
...
...     k: 2+3;
...
...     x+y
...     };
...
...
... .test.testFunc[1;100]
... """
>>> with open('test.q', 'w') as file:
...     file.write(content)
>>> conn = kx.SyncQConnection(port=5010)
>>> conn.file_execute('test.q', return_all=True)

Fixed a bug where QFuture objects returned by AsyncQConnection objects could block each other unnecessarily.

Python

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async def async_query(port, qry):
    async with await kx.AsyncQConnection(port=port) as q:
        return await q(qry)

async with asyncio.TaskGroup() as tg:
    tg.create_task(async_query(5050, '{system"sleep 2"; til 10}[]'))
    tg.create_task(async_query(5051, '{system"sleep 5"; til 20}[]'))
    tg.create_task(async_query(5052, '{system"sleep 1"; til 5}[]'))
    tg.create_task(async_query(5053, '{system"sleep 3"; til 7}[]'))
# Previously took 11 seconds now correctly returns the results in the order they complete and
# takes 5 seconds to run.

Note

All QFuture objects returned from calls to RawQConnection objects must be awaited to receive their results. Previously you could use just conn.poll_recv() and then directly get the result with future.result().

Fixed error when attempting to convert numpy.datetime64 variables to kx.TimestampAtom objects directly using the kx.TimestampAtom constructor method.

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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>>> x = np.datetime64('now', 'ns')
>>> kx.TimestampAtom(x)
Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    File "/home/andymc/work/KXI-17767/KXI-17767/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pykx/wrappers.py", line 924, in __new__
        return toq(x, ktype=None if cls is K else cls, cast=cast) # TODO: 'strict' and 'cast' flags
    File "pykx/toq.pyx", line 2672, in pykx.toq.ToqModule.__call__
    File "pykx/toq.pyx", line 1922, in pykx.toq.from_datetime_datetime
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for -: 'int' and 'datetime.datetime'

Python

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>>> x >>> x = np.datetime64('now', 'ns')
>>> kx.TimestampAtom(x)
pykx.TimestampAtom(pykx.q('2025.01.28D09:43:06.000000000'))

Fixed error when attempting to convert a pandas.Categorical to an existing pykx.EnumVector via pykx.toq. If the pandas.Categorical data contained a value outside of the pykx.EnumVector an error was thrown.

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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>>> cat = pd.Series(['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc'], dtype='category', name='cat')
>>> kx.toq(cat)
pykx.EnumVector(pykx.q('`cat$`aaa`bbb`ccc'))
>>> cat = pd.Series(['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc', 'ddd'], dtype='category', name='cat')
>>> kx.toq(cat)
Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    File "pykx/toq.pyx", line 2964, in pykx.toq.ToqModule.__call__
    File "pykx/toq.pyx", line 1715, in pykx.toq.from_pandas_series
    File "pykx/toq.pyx", line 1555, in pykx.toq._to_numpy_or_categorical
    File "pykx/toq.pyx", line 1828, in pykx.toq.from_pandas_categorical
    File "/home/phagan/brokeCategories/brokeCategoryEnv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pykx/embedded_q.py", line 246, in __call__
            return factory(result, False, name=query.__str__())
                ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    File "pykx/_wrappers.pyx", line 522, in pykx._wrappers._factory
    File "pykx/_wrappers.pyx", line 515, in pykx._wrappers.factory
pykx.exceptions.QError: cast

Python

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>>> cat = pd.Series(['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc'], dtype='category', name='cat')
>>> kx.toq(cat)
pykx.EnumVector(pykx.q('`cat$`aaa`bbb`ccc'))
>>> cat = pd.Series(['aaa', 'bbb', 'ccc', 'ddd'], dtype='category', name='cat')
>>> kx.toq(cat)
pykx.EnumVector(pykx.q('`cat$`aaa`bbb`ccc`ddd'))

IPC file execution now raises an error message if users attempt to use an unsupported file extension. Supported extensions: .k, .q, .p, .py.
Python
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```
>>> conn = kx.SyncQConnection(port=5050)
>>> conn.file_execute('file.l')
QError: Provided file type 'l' unsupported
```
Error message when checking a license referenced a function pykx.util.install_license which is deprecated, this has now been updated to reference pykx.license.install

Beta Features

Added ability for users to convert between PyKX numeric vectors or N-Dimensional Lists and PyTorch Tensor objects using the pt method.

Python

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>>> import os
>>> os.environ['PYKX_BETA_FEATURES'] = 'True'
>>> import pykx as kx
>>> kx.q.til(10).pt()
tensor([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])
>>> kx.q('4 5#20?1f').pt()
tensor([[0.3928, 0.5171, 0.5160, 0.4067, 0.1781],
        [0.3018, 0.7850, 0.5347, 0.7112, 0.4116],
        [0.4932, 0.5785, 0.0839, 0.1960, 0.3756],
        [0.6137, 0.5295, 0.6916, 0.2297, 0.6920]], dtype=torch.float64)

PyKX 3.0.1

Release Date

2024-12-04

Note

PyKX 3.0.1 is currently not available for Mac x86/ARM for all Python versions. Updated builds will be provided once available. To install PyKX 3.0.1 on Mac please install from source here.

Additions

Addition of .replace() function to kx.Vector and kx.List objects to search for and replace items in each collection, retaining typing where appropriate.

Python

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>>> l = kx.q('("a";3;1.3;`b)')
    >>> l.replace(1.3, "junk")
    pykx.List(pykx.q('
    "a"
    3
    `junk
    `b
    '))

Addition of the property day to kx.Column objects to allow users to retrieve the day of month of a timestamp.

Python

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>>> import pykx as kx
>>> tab = kx.Table(data={
...     'a': kx.random.random(100, kx.TimestampAtom.inf),
...     'b': kx.random.random([100, 3], 10.0)
...     })
>>> tab.exec(kx.Column('a').day)
pykx.IntVector(pykx.q('7 10 12..'))

Fixes and Improvements

Added warning to kx.q.system.load and context registration when attempting to load path with a space. Can be suppressed by enabling PYKX_SUPPRESS_WARNINGS.
Changed %%python heading to %%py when calling Python code during jupyter_qfirst mode so as not to conflict with inbuilt Jupyter cell magics.
Fixed kx.license.check(format='string') to remove newline characters during comparison.

Configuration file .pykx-config now supports use of boolean toml configuration

Python

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$ cat ~/.pykx-config
[default]
PYKX_QDEBUG = true
$ python
>>> import pykx as kx
>>> kx.config.pykx_qdebug
True

Reintroduced unsetting/setting of PYKX_SKIP_UNDERQ in PyKXReimport these had been removed in the 3.0.0 release.
Added type checking for the cast flag when calling kx.toq() or creating a kx.K variable such as kx.FloatVector() or kx.DatetimeAtom().
Removed the need to enable PYKX_BETA_FEATURES to use pykx_threading.
Fixed a memory leak when calling pickle.loads on a PyKX object which previously had been called with pickle.dumps.
Removal of column type from the return of dtypes method for kx.Table objects, previously this had raised a deprecation warning

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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>>> tab = kx.q('([] a:1 2 3j;b:4 5 6i)')
>>> tab.dtypes
pykx.Table(pykx.q('
columns datatypes     type
-----------------------------------
a       "kx.LongAtom" "kx.LongAtom"
b       "kx.IntAtom"  "kx.IntAtom"
'))

Python

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>>> tab = kx.q('([] a:1 2 3j;b:4 5 6i)')
>>> tab.dtypes
pykx.Table(pykx.q('
columns datatypes
---------------------
a       "kx.LongAtom"
b       "kx.IntAtom" 
'))

PyKX 3.0.0

Release Date

2024-06-11

Additions

Addition of functionality to allow for development of end-to-end streaming workflows consisting of data-ingestion, persistence and query. This functionality is outlined in-depth here with a worked example here.

PyKX tabular objects now have access to select, exec, update and delete methods to allow queries to be performed directly against the objects. This provides a significant ease-of-use improvement while maintaining access to the previous behavior.

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> N = 1000
  >>> table = kx.Table(data={
  ...     'time': kx.TimespanAtom('now'),
  ...     'sym': kx.random.random(N, ['AAA', 'BBB', 'CCC']),
  ...     'price': kx.random.random(N, 10.0)})
  >>> table.select(where = kx.Column('price') > 5)
  >>> table.exec(kx.Column('sym'))
  >>> table.delete(where = kx.Column('sym') == 'AAA')
  >>> table.update(2*kx.Column('price'))

Update to the PyKX Query API to support a significantly more Python first approach to querying kdb+ in-memory and on-disk databases. The following are a number of basic examples, see here for more details.

Python

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  >>> table = kx.Table(data={
  ...     'sym': kx.random.random(100, ['AAPL', 'GOOG', 'MSFT']),
  ...     'date': kx.random.random(100, kx.q('2022.01.01') + [0,1,2]),
  ...     'price': kx.random.random(100, 1000.0),
  ...     'size': kx.random.random(100, 100) 
  ... })
  >>> table.select(columns=kx.Column('price').max(), where=kx.Column('size') > 5)
  >>> table.update(column=kx.Column('price').wavg(kx.Column('size')).rename('vwap'), by=kx.Column('sym'))
  >>> table.delete(column=kx.Column('sym'))
  >>> table.update(column=(kx.Column('price') * kx.Column('size')).rename('total'))

Addition of a new method to PyKX IPC Connection objects upd which allows for the execution of a function .u.upd on remote processes with supplied data. In the case that data is supplied as a kx.Table object the raw data required for execution of the update will be extracted.

Python

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>>> import pykx as kx
>>> N = 1000
>>> table = kx.Table(data={
...     'time': kx.TimespanAtom('now'),
...     'sym': kx.random.random(N, ['AAA', 'BBB', 'CCC']),
...     'price': kx.random.random(N, 10.0)})
>>> with kx.SyncQConnection(port=5010) as q:
...     q.upd('trade', table)
>>> with kx.SyncQConnection(port=5010) as q:
...     q.upd('trade', [kx.TimespanAtom('now'), 'AAA', 10.101])

Beta features available in the 2.* versions of PyKX have now been migrated to full support.
- The full list of these features are as follows:
- Upgrade considerations for these features can be found here
Allows user to overwrite jupyter notebook kernel with q code by setting PYKX_JUPYTERQ to True before starting the notebook. This can also be accessed at runtime using kx.util.jupyter_qfirst_enable() and kx.util.jupyter_qfirst_disable()
Tab completion for reserved_words list in src/pykx/__init__.py added for Jupyter Notebooks after the import of PyKX.

Addition of method reorder_columns to pykx.Table objects allowing users to change the order of columns within an in-memory table, if the list of columns does not contain all columns within the table the supplied columns will be used as the first N columns of the resulting table.

Python

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  >>> tab = kx.Table(data={
  ...     'a': [1, 2, 3],
  ...     'b': ['a', 'b', 'c'],
  ...     'c': [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]
  ... })
  >>> tab.reorder_columns('c')
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  c a b
  -----
  1 1 a
  2 2 b
  3 3 c
  '))
  >>> tab.reorder_columns(['b', 'c', 'a'])
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  b c a
  -----
  a 1 1
  b 2 2
  c 3 3
  '))

Addition of methods map and applymap to kx.Table and kx.KeyedTable objects allowing users to apply a supplied function to every element of a table

Python lambda

Python function

q function

Python

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>>> tab = kx.Table(data={
  ...     'x': [[1, 2, 3], 1, [1, 2]],
  ...     'y': [kx.LongAtom.null, 1, 2]})
  >>> tab.map(lambda x:len(str(x)))
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  x y
  ---
  5 2
  1 1
  3 1
  '))
  >>> tab.map(lambda x:len(str(x)), na_action='ignore')
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  x y
  ---
  5
  1 1
  3 1
  '))
  >>> tab.map(lambda x, y: y+len(str(x)), y = 1)
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  x y
  ---
  6 3
  2 2
  4 2
  '))

Python

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  >>> tab = kx.Table(data={
  ...     'x': [[1, 2, 3], 1, [1, 2]],
  ...     'y': [kx.LongAtom.null, 1, 2]})
  >>> def _multi_arg_count(x, y=1):
  ...      try:
  ...          count = len(x)
  ...      except TypeError as err:
  ...          count = 1
  ...      return count + y
  >>> tab.map(_multi_arg_count)
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  x y
  ---
  4 2
  2 2
  3 2
  '))
  >>> tab.map(_multi_arg_count, y=3)
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  x y
  ---
  6 4
  4 4
  5 4
  '))

Python

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  >>> tab = kx.Table(data={
  ...     'x': [[1, 2, 3], 1, [1, 2]],
  ...     'y': [kx.LongAtom.null, 1, 2]})
  >>> tab.map(kx.q.count)
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  x y
  ---
  3 1
  1 1
  2 1
  '))
  >>> tab.map(kx.q('{count string x}'))
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  x y
  ---
  3 0
  1 1
  2 1
  '))

Added constructors for EnumVector and EnumAtom types. Added values() / value(), domain() and indices() / index() methods to access different components of the enumerations.

Python

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  >>>kx.q('l:`a`b`c')
  >>>v=('a', 'c')
  >>>e=kx.EnumVector('l', values=v)
  >>>e
  pykx.EnumVector(pykx.q('`l$`a`c'))
  >>>e.domain()
  pykx.SymbolAtom(pykx.q('`l'))
  >>>e.values()
  pykx.SymbolVector(pykx.q('`a`c'))
  >>>e.indices()
  pykx.LongVector(pykx.q('0 2'))

Addition to kx.DB module to facilitate
- Loading of a database to not move current working directory
  Python
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  >>> import pykx as kx >>> db = kx.DB(path='db', change_dir=False)
- Loading of a database to not require loading of .q files which exist within the database.
  Python
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  >>> import pykx as kx >>> db = kx.DB(path='db', load_scripts=False)
Added cloud_libraries kwarg to kx.install_into_QHOME allowing installation of the kdb Insights cloud libraries to QHOME

Addition of a new utility function kx.util.detect_bad_columns to validate if the columns of a table object conform to the naming conventions supported by kdb+ and highlighting if the table contains duplicate column names raising a warning indicating potential issues and returning True if the table contains invalid columns.

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> tab = kx.q('flip (`a;`$"!";`a;`$"a b")!4 4#16?1f')
  >>> kx.util.detect_bad_columns(tab)
  /usr/local/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pykx/util.py:593: UserWarning: 
  Duplicate columns or columns with reserved characters detected:
      Duplicate columns: ['a']
      Invalid columns: ['!', 'a b']
  See https://code.kx.com/pykx/help/troubleshooting.html to learn more about updating your table
    warn(warn_string)
  True
  >>> kx.util.detect_bad_columns(tab, return_cols=True)
  /usr/local/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pykx/util.py:588: UserWarning:
  Duplicate columns or columns with reserved characters detected:
      Duplicate columns: ['a']
      Invalid columns: ['!', 'a b']
  See https://code.kx.com/pykx/help/troubleshooting.html to learn more about updating your table
    warn(warn_string)
  ['a', '!', 'a b']

Addition of functionality to allow operators to be generated from an input string

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> kx.Operator('?')
  pykx.Operator(pykx.q('?'))

Addition of named operators to allow use of single character operators available in q, for example:

Using operators

Getting help

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 >>> kx.q.dict(['a', 'b', 'c'], [1, 2, 3])
  pykx.Dictionary(pykx.q('
  a| 1
  b| 2
  c| 3
  '))

Python

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  >>> help(kx.q.fill)
  Help on Operator in module pykx.wrappers:

  pykx.Operator(pykx.q('!'))
      • dict

      Generate a dictionary by passing two lists of equal lengths

          >>> kx.q.dict(['a', 'b', 'c'], [1, 2, 3])
          pykx.Dictionary(pykx.q('
          a| 1
          b| 2
          c| 3
          '))

When generating IPC connections with reconnection_attempts, users can now configure the initial delay between first and second attempts and the function which updates the delay on successive attempts using the reconnection_delay and reconnection_function keywords, for example setting a 1 second delay between successive attempts.

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  >>> conn = kx.SyncQConnection(reconnection_attempts=5, reconnection_delay=1, reconnection_function=lambda x:x)
    >>> conn('1+1')  # after this call the server on port 5050 is shutdown for 3 seconds
  pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('2'))
  >>> conn('1+2')
  WARNING: Connection lost attempting to reconnect.
  Failed to reconnect, trying again in 1.0 seconds.
  Failed to reconnect, trying again in 1.0 seconds.
  Failed to reconnect, trying again in 1.0 seconds.
  Connection successfully reestablished.
  pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('3'))

Two new options added on first initialisation of PyKX to allow users to:
- Use the path to their already downloaded kc.lic/k4.lic licenses without going through the "Do you want to install a license" workflow
- Allow users to persist for future use that they wish to use the IPC only unlicensed mode of PyKX, this will persist a file ~/.pykx-config which sets configuration denoting unlicensed mode is to be used.

Addition of function kx.util.install_q to allow users who do not have access to a q executable at the time of installing PyKX. See here for instructions regarding its use
Addition of function kx.util.start_q_subprocess to allow a q process to be started on a specified port with supplied initialisation arguments, for example:
Python
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>>> kx.util.start_q_subprocess(5050, load_file='qfile.q', init_args = ['-t', '1000'])

Added new constructor methods for kx.DateAtom, kx.TimestampAtom and TimespanAtom so now users can create Temporal Type objects directly by passing numeric values in licensed mode.

Python

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  >>> kx.DateAtom(2024, 9, 21)
  pykx.DateAtom(pykx.q('2024.09.21'))

  >>> kx.TimestampAtom(2150, 10, 22, 20, 31, 15, 70713856)
  pykx.TimestampAtom(pykx.q('2150.10.22D20:31:15.070713856'))

  >>> kx.TimespanAtom(43938, 19, 7, 31, 664551936)
  pykx.TimespanAtom(pykx.q('43938D19:07:31.664551936')))

Added conversions for additional NumPy datatypes.

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>>> kx.toq(np.array([1, 2], np.dtype('uint16')))
pykx.IntVector(pykx.q('1 2i'))

>>> kx.toq(np.array([1, 2], np.dtype('uint32')))
pykx.LongVector(pykx.q('1 2'))

>>> kx.toq(np.array([1, 2], np.dtype('int8')))
pykx.ShortVector(pykx.q('1 2h'))

>>> kx.toq(np.array([1, 2], np.dtype('float16')))
pykx.RealVector(pykx.q('1 2e'))

>>> kx.toq(np.bytes_('a'))
pykx.CharAtom(pykx.q('"a"'))

>>> kx.toq(np.bytes_('aa'))
pykx.CharVector(pykx.q('"aa"'))

Added conversion for pandas.NA to the pykx.Identity (::).

Added conversions for PyArrow Scalar types. Note: These conversions rely on PyArrow .as_py() and as such mirror it's limitations.

Python

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>>> kx.toq(pa.array([0.0, 1.0, 2.0], type=pa.float32())[0])
pykx.FloatAtom(pykx.q('0f'))

Addition of is_pos_inf and is_neg_inf properties to PyKX atom objects to check for positive and negative infinity values.

Python

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>>> kx.q('0W').is_pos_inf
True
>>> kx.q('0W').is_neg_inf
False
>>> kx.q('-0W').is_neg_inf
True

Addition of inf_neg property to PyKX atom objects.

Python

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>>> kx.IntAtom.inf
pykx.IntAtom(pykx.q('0Wi'))
>>> kx.IntAtom.inf_neg
pykx.IntAtom(pykx.q('-0Wi'))

All infinity and null properties on atom classes are now usable in unlicensed mode:

null, inf, inf_pos, inf_neg, is_inf, is_neg_inf, is_pos_inf.

Fixes and Improvements

Previously built-in help() python function, when called on q keywords such as kx.q.rand or kx.q.max was displaying the generic wrappers object help message. As noted in the installation docs, this functionality requires the installation of optional libraries available through pip install pykx[help].

Behaviour prior to change

Behaviour post change

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Help on Lambda in module pykx.wrappers object:

class Lambda(Function)
  |  Lambda(x: Any, *, cast: bool = None)
  |
  |  Wrapper for q lambda functions.
  |
  |  Lambda's are the most basic kind of function in q. They can take between 0 and 8 parameters
  |  (inclusive), which all must be q objects themselves. If the provided parameters are not
  |  [`pykx.K`][] objects, they will be converted into them using [`pykx.toq`][].
  |
  |  Unlike other [`pykx.Function`][] subclasses, `Lambda` objects can be called with keyword
  |  arguments, using the names of the parameters from q.

Python

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  Help on Lambda in pykx:

  pykx.Lambda = pykx.Lambda(pykx.q('k){*1?x}'))
      • rand

      Pick randomly.

          >>> pykx.q.rand([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
          pykx.LongAtom(q('2'))

When establishing a kx.SecureQConnection the first item could not be passed as a kx.SymbolAtom object, this created issues for some users making IPC calls against restricted/secure APIs, this has been resolved.

Fix for TypeError if .pykx-config config file exists but does not contain specified PyKX profile.

Behaviour prior to change

Behaviour post change

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\site-packages\pykx\config.py", line 68, in <module>
      _pykx_profile_content = _pykx_config_content[pykx_config_profile]
                              ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  KeyError: 'default'

  During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

  Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\site-packages\pykx\__init__.py", line 17, in <module>
      from ._pyarrow import pyarrow
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\site-packages\pykx\_pyarrow.py", line 12, in <module>
      from .config import load_pyarrow_unsafe
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\site-packages\pykx\config.py", line 71, in <module>
      print("Unable to locate specified 'PYKX_PROFILE': '" + pykx_config_profile + "' in file '" + config_path + "'") # noqa E501
          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~
  TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "WindowsPath") to str

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  Unable to locate specified 'PYKX_PROFILE': 'default' in file 'C:\Users\user\.pykx-config'

Previously loading pykx.q during q startup using QINIT or QHOME/q.q resulted in a segfault or a corruption.
Removal of several deprecated configuration variables which previously noted to be deprecated at the next major release. See here for more information.

Attempts to convert kx.List objects with non-conforming types previously resulted in an ambiguous error, updated error message indicates the root cause.

Behaviour prior to change

Behaviour post change

Python

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  >>> kx.q('(.z.p;4)').pa()
  ...
  pyarrow.lib.ArrowNotImplementedError: Expected np.datetime64 but got: int64
  >>>
  >>> kx.q('(4;.z.p)').pa()
  ...
  pyarrow.lib.ArrowInvalid: Cannot mix NumPy dtypes int64 and datetime64

Python

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  >>> kx.q('(.z.p;4)').pa()
  ...
  QError: Unable to convert pykx.List with non conforming types to PyArrow,
          failed with error: Expected np.datetime64 but got: int64
  >>>
  >>> kx.q('(4;.z.p)').pa()
  ...
  QError: Unable to convert pykx.List with non conforming types to PyArrow,
          failed with error: Cannot mix NumPy dtypes int64 and datetime64

The function kx.util.debug_environment now returns the applied configuration values at startup instead of customised values, this ensures that configuration set in pykx-config file will be used and limits chances of future default changes being missed in debugging.

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Behaviour post change

Python

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  >>> kx.util.debug_environment()
  ..
  **** PyKX Environment Variables ****
  PYKX_IGNORE_QHOME: 
  PYKX_KEEP_LOCAL_TIMES: 
  PYKX_ALLOCATOR: 
  PYKX_GC: 
  PYKX_LOAD_PYARROW_UNSAFE: 
  PYKX_MAX_ERROR_LENGTH: 
  PYKX_NOQCE: 
  PYKX_Q_LIB_LOCATION: 
  PYKX_RELEASE_GIL: 
  PYKX_Q_LOCK: 
  PYKX_DEFAULT_CONVERSION:

Python

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  >>> kx.util.debug_environment()
  ..
  **** PyKX Configuration Variables ****
  PYKX_IGNORE_QHOME: False
  PYKX_KEEP_LOCAL_TIMES: False
  PYKX_ALLOCATOR: False
  PYKX_GC: False
  PYKX_LOAD_PYARROW_UNSAFE: False
  PYKX_MAX_ERROR_LENGTH: 256
  PYKX_NOQCE: False
  PYKX_RELEASE_GIL: False
  PYKX_Q_LIB_LOCATION: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pykx/lib
  PYKX_Q_LOCK: False
  PYKX_SKIP_UNDERQ: False
  PYKX_Q_EXECUTABLE: /usr/local/anaconda3/envs/qenv/q/m64/q
          PYKX_THREADING: False
  PYKX_4_1_ENABLED: False
  PYKX_QDEBUG: False
  PYKX_DEBUG_INSIGHTS_LIBRARIES: False

Use of the has_nulls property on keyed tables failed to appropriately check for the presence of null values checking for nulls column names rather than null values within the table content. This has been rectified.

Operations on GroupbyTable objects which have been indexed previously would raise an error indicating invalid key access, this has now been resolved

Behaviour prior to change

Behaviour post change

Python

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  >>> tab = kx.Table(data={
  ...     'sym': kx.random.random(100, ['a', 'b', 'c']),
  ...     'size': kx.random.random(100, 100),
  ...     'price': kx.random.random(100, 10.0)})
  >>> tab.groupby('sym')['price'].max()
  KeyError: "['['sym', 'price']'] is not an index"

Python

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 >>> tab = kx.Table(data={
  ...     'sym': kx.random.random(100, ['a', 'b', 'c']),
  ...     'size': kx.random.random(100, 100),
  ...     'price': kx.random.random(100, 10.0)})
  >>> tab.groupby('sym')['price'].max()
  pykx.KeyedTable(pykx.q('
  sym| price   
  ---| --------
  a  | 9.830794
  b  | 9.761246
  c  | 9.592286
  '))

Support has now been added for conversion of timedelta64[us] to kx.Timespan type objects

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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  >>> import pandas as pd
  >>> import numpy as np
  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> df = pd.DataFrame({
  ...     'time': np.array([1,2,3], dtype='timedelta64[us]'),
  ...     'sym': ['msft', 'ibm', 'ge'],
  ...     'qty': [100, 200, 150]})
  >>> kx.toq(df)
  TypeError: ktype cannot be inferred from Numpy dtype timedelta64[us]

Python

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  >>> import pandas as pd
  >>> import numpy as np
  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> df = pd.DataFrame({
  ...     'time': np.array([1,2,3], dtype='timedelta64[us]'),
  ...     'sym': ['msft', 'ibm', 'ge'],
  ...     'qty': [100, 200, 150]})
  >>> kx.toq(df)
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  time                 sym  qty
  -----------------------------
  0D00:00:00.000001000 msft 100
  0D00:00:00.000002000 ibm  200
  0D00:00:00.000003000 ge   150
  '))

Previously loading pykx.q during q startup using q.q results in a segfault or a corruption.

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Bash

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  $ echo "\l pykx.q" > $QHOME/q.q

  $ q
  <frozen importlib._bootstrap>:241: PyKXWarning: Failed to initialize PyKX successfully with the following error: Captured output from initialization attempt:
      double free or corruption (out)

  License location used:
  /usr/pykx/kc.lic

Bash

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 $ echo "\l pykx.q" > $QHOME/q.q

  $ q
  q)

Addition of keyword argument to kx.toq functionality to allow Python strings to be returned as pykx.CharVector objects rather than pykx.SymbolAtom objects.

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> kx.toq('str')
  pykx.SymbolAtom(pykx.q('`str'))
  >>> kx.toq('str', strings_as_char=True)
  pykx.CharVector(pykx.q('"str"'))
  >>>
  >>> kx.toq({'a': {'b': 'test'}, 'b': 'test1'})
  pykx.Dictionary(pykx.q('
  a| (,`b)!,`test
  b| `test1
  '))
  >>> kx.toq({'a': {'b': 'test'}, 'b': 'test1'}, strings_as_char=True)
  pykx.Dictionary(pykx.q('
  a| (,`b)!,"test"
  b| "test1"
  '))

Previously remote function calls required user defined functions to supply at least one argument, attempts to generate a zero-argument function would result in a type error being raised.

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> session = kx.remote.session(port=5050)
  >>> @kx.remote.function(session)
  ... def zero_arg_function():
  ...     return 10
  >>> zero_arg_function()
  pykx.exceptions.QError: type

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> session = kx.remote.session(port=5050)
  >>> @kx.remote.function(session)
  >>> @function(remote_session)
  ... def zero_arg_function():
  ...     return 10
  >>> zero_arg_function()
  pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('10'))

Previously append on two pykx.List objects was not correctly inserting the new contents.

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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  >>> a = kx.toq(['a',1])
  >>> a.append(['b',2])
  >>> a
  pykx.List(pykx.q('
  `a
  1
  `b
  2
  '))

Python

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  >>> a = kx.toq(['a',1])
  >>> a.append(['b',2])
  >>> a
  pykx.List(pykx.q('
  `a
  1
  (`b;2)
  '))

Previously users could not convert <clas'pykx.wrappers.PandasUUIDArray'> using pykx.toq. It now returns a <class 'pykx.wrappers.GUIDVector'>.

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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  >> t = kx.q('([] g:2?0Ng)')
  >>> kx.toq(t['g'].pd(raw=True))
  Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "pykx/toq.pyx", line 2539, in pykx.toq.ToqModule.__call__
  File "pykx/toq.pyx", line 242, in pykx.toq._default_converter
  TypeError: Cannot convert <class 'pykx.wrappers.PandasUUIDArray'> '<PandasUUIDArray>
  [(-1120411.5051955811-2.2494901007079993e+40j), (1.0810316408884467e+40+2.3725570805246122e+135j)]
  Length: 2, dtype: pykx.uuid' to K object

Python

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  >>> t = kx.q('([] g:2?0Ng)')
  >>> kx.toq(t['g'].pd(raw=True))
  pykx.GUIDVector(pykx.q('8c6b8b64-6815-6084-0a3e-178401251b68 5ae7962d-49f2-404d-5aec-f7c8abbae288'))
  >>> type(kx.toq(t['g'].pd(raw=True)))
  <class 'pykx.wrappers.GUIDVector'>

Attempts to load a database using the kx.DB module previously would raise an nyi error if the path to the database contained a space

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> db = kx.DB(path='/tmp/test directory/mydb')
  ..
  QError: Failed to load Database with error: nyi

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> db = kx.DB(path='/tmp/test directory/mydb')
  >>> db.tables
  ['trade']

Improved handling of invalid methods for Splayed and Partitioned Tables.

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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  >>> tab.head()
  Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/home/andymc/work/KXI-47027/KXI-47027/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pykx/pandas_api/__init__.py", line 57, in return_val
      res = func(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/andymc/work/KXI-47027/KXI-47027/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pykx/pandas_api/pandas_indexing.py", line 345, in head
      return q(f'{{{n}#x}}', self)
  File "/home/andymc/work/KXI-47027/KXI-47027/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pykx/embedded_q.py", line 249, in __call__
      return factory(result, False)
  File "pykx/_wrappers.pyx", line 493, in pykx._wrappers._factory
  File "pykx/_wrappers.pyx", line 486, in pykx._wrappers.factory
  pykx.exceptions.QError: par

Python

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 >>> tab.head()
  AttributeError: Operation 'head' not supported for PartitionedTable type

Resolved issue in _repr_html_ on table objects which was not displaying the final row when table count equaled console height.
Behaviour prior to change

Behavior post change
Python

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![Before](./images/KXI-52686_before.png)
Python

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![After](./images/KXI-52686_after.png)
When using Jupyter Notebooks if a table to be presented in HTML format contains invalid columns resulting in a return of True when kx.util.detect_bad_columns is called a warning will be raised to a user highlighting the invalid columns and the printed table.__repr__ will be presented.
Updates to various error messages to provide more descriptive explanations, see here for more information on changes you may need to consider.
Resolved No Such file or directory error for libe.so when attempting to initialize unlicensed mode with PYKX_4_1_ENABLED=True.
Resolved WARN: Failed to load KX Insights Core library when using PyKX with PYKX_4_1_ENABLED=True.
Removal of deprecated modify keyword for select, exec, update and delete operations on pykx.Table and pykx.KeyedTable. This has been permanently changed to be use inplace

Changed the logic of list(KeyedTable) and the pykx.KeyedTable iterator to return the values of that table as a list of lists instead of the keys as a list of tuple objects.

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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  >>> tk=kx.q('([a:1 2 3] b:5 6 7;c:8 9 10)')
  >>> [print(x) for x in tk]
  (pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('1')),)
  (pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('2')),)
  (pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('3')),)

  >>> list(tk)
  [(pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('1')),), (pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('2')),), (pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('3')),)]

Python

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  >>> tk=kx.q('([a:1 2 3] b:5 6 7;c:8 9 10)')
  >>> [print(x) for x in tk]
  [pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('5')), pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('8'))]
  [pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('6')), pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('9'))]
  [pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('7')), pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('10'))]

  >>> list(tk)
  [[pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('5')), pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('8'))], [pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('6')), pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('9'))], [pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('7')), pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('10'))]]

Changed return of pykx.KeyedTable.keys() from a list of tuples to a pykx.Table to be consistent with pykx.KeyedTable.values() and unkeyed pykx.Table.

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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 >>> tk=kx.q('([a:1 2 3] b:5 6 7;c:8 9 10)')
  >>> tk.keys()
  [(pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('1')),), (pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('2')),), (pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('3')),)]

Python

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  >>> tk=kx.q('([a:1 2 3] b:5 6 7;c:8 9 10)')
  >>> tk.keys())
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  a
  -
  1
  2
  3
  '))

PyKX 2.5.5

Release Date

2024-11-28

Fixes and Improvements

PyKX Pandas dependency has been raised to allow <=2.2.3 for Python>3.8
PyKX Pandas dependency for Python 3.8 has been clamped to <2.0 due to support being dropped for it by Pandas after 2.0.3.

PyKX 2.5.4

Release Date

2024-10-22

Note

PyKX 2.5.4 is currently not available for Mac x86/ARM for all Python versions. Updated builds will be provided once available.

Fixes and Improvements

Resolved context interface failing to load files on Windows.

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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  >>> kx.q.context
  Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\site-packages\pykx\__init__.py", line 162, in __getattr__
      self.__getattribute__('_register')(name=key)
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\site-packages\pykx\__init__.py", line 248, in _register
      self._call(
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\site-packages\pykx\embedded_q.py", line 246, in __call__
      return factory(result, False, name=query.__str__())
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "pykx\\_wrappers.pyx", line 521, in pykx._wrappers._factory
  File "pykx\\_wrappers.pyx", line 514, in pykx._wrappers.factory
  pykx.exceptions.QError: "C:\lib"

  The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

  Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\site-packages\pykx\__init__.py", line 166, in __getattr__
      raise attribute_error from inner_error
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\site-packages\pykx\__init__.py", line 159, in __getattr__
      return ctx.__getattr__(key)
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.11_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python311\site-packages\pykx\ctx.py", line 153, in __getattr__
      raise AttributeError(
  AttributeError: 'pykx.ctx.QContext' object has no attribute 'context'
  QError: '.context

Copy

  >>> kx.q.context
  <pykx.ctx.QContext of .context with [success]>

Version Support Changes

Version 2.5.4 marks the removal of support for releases to PyPi/Anaconda of Python 3.7 supported versions of PyKX

PyKX 2.5.2

Release Date

2024-07-05

Fixes and Improvements

Converting PyKX generic lists using the keyword parameter raw=True would previously return incorrect results, the values received being the memory address of the individual elements of the list, this has now been resolved

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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 >>> a = kx.q('(1; 3.4f; `asad; "asd")')
  >>> a.np(raw=True)
  array([3012581664,      30547, 3012579792,      30547], dtype=uint64)

Python

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 >>> a = kx.q('(1; 3.4f; `asad; "asd")')
  >>> a.np(raw=True)
  array([1, 3.4, b'asad', b'asd'], dtype=object)

Converting PyKX generic lists using the keyword parameter raw=True when explicitly required previously would error indicating that the keyword argument was not supplied. This has been resolved with the parameter now appropriately passed to all items

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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  The errors below are truncated for readability
  >>> kx.q("(1;2;3;`a;2024.01.01T12:00:00)").py(raw=True)
  TypeError: The q datetime type is deprecated, and can only be accessed ..
  >>> kx.q("(1;2;3;`a;2024.01.01T12:00:00)").np(raw=True)
  TypeError: The q datetime type is deprecated, and can only be accessed ..
  >>> kx.q("(1;2;3;`a;2024.01.01T12:00:00)").pd(raw=True)
  TypeError: The q datetime type is deprecated, and can only be accessed ..

Python

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  >>> kx.q("(1;2;3;`a;2024.01.01T12:00:00)").py(raw=True)
  [1, 2, 3, b'a', 8766.5]
  >>> kx.q("(1;2;3;`a;2024.01.01T12:00:00)").np(raw=True)
  array([1, 2, 3, b'a', 8766.5], dtype=object)
  >>> kx.q("(1;2;3;`a;2024.01.01T12:00:00)").pd(raw=True)
  0         1
  1         2
  2         3
  3      b'a'
  4    8766.5

Use of get method on kx.Table with a str input will now raise a FutureWarning indicating that the return type of this method will change with release 3.0.0. Currently this function returns a kx.Table with a single column, in version 3.0.0 this will return a list/vector containing the content of the column to better align with the Pandas API approach.

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> tab = kx.Table(data={'x': [1, 2, 3], 'y': [2, 3, 4]})
  >>> tab.get('x')
  /usr/python/3.12/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pykx/pandas_api/pandas_indexing.py:42: FutureWarning:

      Single column retrieval using 'get' method will return a vector/list object in release 3.0+
      To access the vector/list directly use table['column_name']
    warnings.warn("Single column retrieval using 'get' method will a return vector/list object "
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  x
  -
  0
  1
  2
  '))
  >>> tab['x']
  pykx.LongVector(pykx.q('1 2 3'))

Fix to issue where use of kx.SymbolAtom with __getitem__ method on kx.Table objects would return a table rather then vector/list. The return now mirrors the expected return which matches str type inputs

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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 >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> tab = kx.Table(data={'x': [1, 2, 3], 'y': ['a', 'b', 'c']})
  >>> tab['x']
  pykx.LongVector(pykx.q('1 2 3'))
  >>> tab[kx.SymbolAtom('x')]
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  x
  -
  1
  2
  3
  '))

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> tab = kx.Table(data={'x': [1, 2, 3], 'y': ['a', 'b', 'c']})
  >>> tab['x']
  pykx.LongVector(pykx.q('1 2 3'))
  >>> tab[kx.SymbolAtom('x')]
  pykx.LongVector(pykx.q('1 2 3'))

Reworked Table.std() method to better handle edge cases relating to mixed columns and nulls. Now matching Pandas results. This addresses issues raised here.
Fix to issue where loading PyKX on Windows from 2.5.0 could result in a users working directory being changed to site-packages/pykx.

PyKX 2.5.1

Release Date

2024-06-11

Additions

Addition of methods to pykx.Table and pykx.KeyedTable objects for the application of sql, select, exec, delete and update queries

SQL

select

exec

delete

update

Python

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  >>> tab = kx.Table(data = {'x': [1, 2, 3], 'x1': ['a', 'b', 'a']})
  >>> tab.sql("select * from $1 where x1='a'")
  >>> tab.sql("select * from $1 where x1=$2 and x=$3", 'a', 1)

Python

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 >>> qtab = kx.Table(data = {
  ...     'col1': kx.random.random(100, ['a', 'b', 'c']),
  ...     'col2': kx.random.random(100, 1.0),
  ...     'col3': kx.random.random(100, False),
  ...     'col4': kx.random.random(100, 10.0)})
  >>> qtab.select(where='col2<0.5')
  >>> qtab.select(columns={'avgCol2': 'avg col2', 'minCol4': 'min col4'}, by={'col1': 'col1'})
  >>> qtab.select(columns={'avgCol2': 'avg col2', 'minCol4': 'min col4'},
  ...             by={'col1': 'col1'},
          ...             where='col3=0b')

Python

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  >>> qtab = kx.Table(data = {
  ...     'col1': kx.random.random(100, ['a', 'b', 'c']),
  ...     'col2': kx.random.random(100, 1.0),
  ...     'col3': kx.random.random(100, False),
  ...     'col4': kx.random.random(100, 10.0)})
  >>> qtab.exec('col3')
  >>> qtab.exec({'symcol': 'col1', 'maxcol4': 'max col4'}, where=['col1=`a', 'col2<0.3'])
  >>> qtab.exec(columns={'avgCol2': 'avg col2', 'minCol4': 'min col4'},
          ...           by={'col1': 'col1'},
          ...           where='col3=0b')

Python

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  >>> qtab = kx.Table(data = {
  ...     'name': ['tom', 'dick', 'harry'],
  ...     'age': [28, 29, 35],
  ...     'hair': ['fair', 'dark', 'fair'],
  ...     'eye': ['green', 'brown', 'gray']})
  >>> qtab.delete(['age', 'eye'])
  >>> qtab.delete(where=['hair=`fair', 'age=28'])
  >>> qtab.delete('age', modify=True)

Python

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 >>> qtab = kx.Table(data={
  ...         'name': ['tom', 'dick', 'harry'],
  ...         'age': [28, 29, 35],
  ...         'hair': ['fair', 'dark', 'fair'],
  ...         'eye': ['green', 'brown', 'gray']})
  >>> qtab.update({'eye': '`blue`brown`green'})
  >>> qtab.update({'eye': ['blue']}, where='hair=`fair')

Pandas API additions: isnull, isna, notnull, notna, idxmax, idxmin, kurt, sem.

Addition of filter_type, filter_columns, and custom parameters to QReader.csv() to add options for CSV type guessing.

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> reader = kx.QReader(kx.q)
  >>> reader.csv("myFile0.csv", filter_type = "like", filter_columns="*name", custom={"SYMMAXGR":15})
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  firstname  lastname
  ----------------------
  "Frieda"   "Bollay"
  "Katuscha" "Paton"
  "Devina"   "Reinke"
  "Maurene"  "Bow"
  "Iseabal"  "Bashemeth"
  ..
  '))

Fixes and Improvements

Fix to regression in PyKX 2.5.0 where PyKX initialisation on Windows would result in a segmentation fault when using an k4.lic license type.

Previously users could not make direct use of kx.SymbolicFunction type objects against a remote process, this has been rectified

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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 >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> kx.q('.my.func:{x+1}')
  pykx.Identity(pykx.q('::'))
  >>> kx.q.my.func
  pykx.SymbolicFunction(pykx.q('`.my.func'))
  >>> conn = kx.q.SyncQConnection(port=5050)
  >>> conn(kx.q.my.func, 1)
  ... Error Message ...
  pykx.exceptions.QError: .my.func

Python

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   >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> kx.q('.my.func:{x+1}')
  pykx.Identity(pykx.q('::'))
  >>> kx.q.my.func
  pykx.SymbolicFunction(pykx.q('`.my.func'))
  >>> conn = kx.q.SyncQConnection(port=5050)
  >>> conn(kx.q.my.func, 1)
  pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('2'))

Previously use of the context interface for q primitive functions in licensed mode via IPC would partially run the function on the client rather than server, thus limiting usage for named entities on the server.

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> conn = kx.SyncQConnection(port=5050)
  >>> conn.q('tab:([]10?1f;10?1f)')
  >>> conn.q.meta('tab')
  ... Error Message ...
  pykx.exceptions.QError: tab

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> conn = kx.SyncQConnection(port=5050)
  >>> conn.q('tab:([]10?1f;10?1f)')
  >>> conn.q.meta('tab')
  pykx.KeyedTable(pykx.q('
  c | t f a
  --| -----
  x | f
  x1| f
  '))

With the release of PyKX 2.5.0 and support of PyKX usage in paths containing spaces the context interface functionality could fail to load a requested context over IPC if PyKX was not loaded on the server.

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> conn = kx.SyncQConnection(port=5050)
  >>> conn.my_ctx
  ... Error Message ...

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> conn = kx.SyncQConnection(port=5050)
  >>> conn.my_ctx
  <pykx.ctx.QContext of .csvutil with [my_function]>

Updated CSV analysis logic to be based on csvutil.q 2020.06.20.
Fix for config value PYKX_4_1_ENABLED to only use 4.1 if set to True, true, or 1. Previously any non empty value enabled 4.1.

PyKX 2.5.0

Release Date

2024-05-15

Additions

Addition of a method for pykx.Table objects to apply xbar calculations on specified columns names

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> N = 5
  >>> kx.random.seed(42)
  >>> tab = kx.Table(data = {
  ...     'x': kx.random.random(N, 100.0),
  ...     'y': kx.random.random(N, 10.0)})
  >>> tab
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  x        y
  -----------------
  77.42128 8.200469
  70.49724 9.857311
  52.12126 4.629496
  99.96985 8.518719
  1.196618 9.572477
  '))
  >>> tab.xbar('x', 10)
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  x  y
  -----------
  70 8.200469
  70 9.857311
  50 4.629496
  90 8.518719
  0  9.572477
  '))

Addition of the method window_join to pykx.Table objects allowing Window joins to be applied to specified tables

Python

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  >>> trades = kx.Table(data={
  ...     'sym': ['ibm', 'ibm', 'ibm'],
  ...     'time': kx.q('10:01:01 10:01:04 10:01:08'),
  ...     'price': [100, 101, 105]})
  >>> quotes = kx.Table(data={
  ...     'sym': 'ibm',
  ...     'time': kx.q('10:01:01+til 9'),
  ...     'ask': [101, 103, 103, 104, 104, 107, 108, 107, 108],
  ...     'bid': [98, 99, 102, 103, 103, 104, 106, 106, 107, 108]})
  >>> windows = kx.q('{-2 1+\:x}', trades['time'])
    >>> trades.window_join(quotes,
    ...                    windows,
    ...                    ['sym', 'time'],
    ...                    {'ask_minus_bid': [lambda x, y: x - y, 'ask', 'bid'],
    ...                     'ask_max': [lambda x: max(x), 'ask']})
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
    sym time     price ask_minus_bid ask_max
    ----------------------------------------
    ibm 10:01:01 100   3 4           103
    ibm 10:01:04 101   4 1 1 1       104
    ibm 10:01:08 105   3 2 1 1       108
  '))

On failure to initialize PyKX with an expiry error PyKX can now install an updated license using the environment variables KDB_LICENSE_B64 or KDB_K4LICENSE_B64 for kc.lic and k4.lic licenses respectively. This allows users to pre-emptively set an environment variable to be used for upgrade prior to expiry.

Successful update of License

Error where environment variable matches license content

Python

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 >>> import pykx as kx
  Initialisation failed with error: exp
  Your license has been updated using the following information:
    Environment variable: KDB_K4LICENSE_B64
    License write location: /user/path/to/license/k4.lic
  >>> kx.q.til(5)
  pykx.LongVector(pykx.q('0 1 2 3 4'))

Python

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>>> import pykx as kx

We have been unable to update your license for PyKX using the following information:

Python

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Environment variable: KDB_K4LICENSE_B64
License location: /user/path/to/license/k4.lic
Reason: License content matches supplied Environment variable
Your PyKX license has now expired.
Captured output from initialization attempt:
'2024.04.26T12:04:49.514 licence error: exp
License location used:
/user/path/to/license/k4.lic
Would you like to renew your license? [Y/n]:

Initialization workflow for PyKX using form based install process now allows users to install Commercial "k4.lic" licenses using this mechanism. The updated workflow provides the following outputs

License initialization

Unlicensed initialization

Python

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 >>> import pykx as kx
  Thank you for installing PyKX!

  We have been unable to locate your license for PyKX. Running PyKX in unlicensed mode has reduced functionality.
  Would you like to continue with license installation? [Y/n]: Y

  Is the intended use of this software for:
      [1] Personal use (Default)
      [2] Commercial use
  Enter your choice here [1/2]: 2

  To apply for your PyKX license, contact your KX sales representative or sales@kx.com.
  Alternately apply through https://kx.com/book-demo.
  Would you like to open this page? [Y/n]: n

  Select the method you wish to use to activate your license:
      [1] Download the license file provided in your welcome email and input the file path (Default)
      [2] Input the activation key (base64 encoded string) provided in your welcome email
      [3] Proceed with unlicensed mode
  Enter your choice here [1/2/3]: 1

  Provide the download location of your license (for example, ~/path/to/k4.lic) : ~/path/to/k4.lic

Python

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 Thank you for installing PyKX!

  We have been unable to locate your license for PyKX. Running PyKX in unlicensed mode has reduced functionality.
  Would you like to continue with license installation? [Y/n]: n

  PyKX unlicensed mode enabled. To set this as your default behavior please set the following environment variable PYKX_UNLICENSED='true'

  For more information on PyKX modes of operation, please visit https://code.kx.com/pykx/user-guide/advanced/modes.html.
  To apply for a PyKX license please visit

     Personal License:   https://kx.com/kdb-insights-personal-edition-license-download
     Commercial License: Contact your KX sales representative or sales@kx.com or apply on https://kx.com/book-demo

Addition of Table.replace() method allowing users to replace all elements in a table of a given value with a different value.

Python

Copy

  >>> tab = kx.q('([] a:2 2 3; b:4 2 6; c:(1b;0b;1b); d:(`a;`b;`c); e:(1;2;`a))')
  >>> tab.replace(2, "test")
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  a     b     c d e
  ---------------------
  `test 4     1 a 1
  `test `test 0 b `test
  3     6     1 c `a
  '))

Added as_arrow keyword to the .pd() method on PyKX Wrapped objects, using as_arrow=True will use PyArrow backed data types instead of the default NumPy backed data types.

Fixes and Improvements

When importing PyKX from a source file path containing a space initialisation would fail with an nyi error message, this has now been resolved

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:\Program Files\choco\miniconda\lib\site-packages\pykx\__init__.py", line 285, in <module>
            from .embedded_q import EmbeddedQ, EmbeddedQFuture, q
  ..
  pykx.exceptions.QError: nyi

Python

Copy

  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> kx.q.til(5)
  pykx.LongVector(pykx.q('0 1 2 3 4'))

When using pykx.q.system.load users can now load files and splayed tables at folder locations containing spaces.
Updated libq to 4.0 2024.05.07 and 4.1 to 2024.04.29 for all supported OS's.
kx.util.debug_environment() now uses PyKXReimport when running the q subprocess and captures stderr in case of failure.

When using debug mode, retrieval of unknown context's would incorrectly present a backtrace to a user, for example:

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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  >>> import os
  >>> os.environ['PYKX_QDEBUG'] = 'true'
  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> kx.q.read.csv('/usr/local/anaconda3/data/taxi/yellow_tripdata_2019-12.csv')
  backtrace:
    [2]  k){x:. x;$[99h<@x;:`$"_pykx_fn_marker";99h~@x;if[` in!x;if[(::)~x`;:`$"_pykx_ctx_marker"]]]x}
              ^
    [1]  (.Q.trp)

    [0]  {[pykxquery] .Q.trp[value; pykxquery; {2@"backtrace:
                      ^
  ",.Q.sbt y;'x}]}

  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  VendorID tpep_pickup_datetime          tpep_dropoff_datetime         passenge..
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------..
  1        2019.12.01D00:26:58.000000000 2019.12.01D00:41:45.000000000 1       ..
  1        2019.12.01D00:12:08.000000000 2019.12.01D00:12:14.000000000 1       ..
  1        2019.12.01D00:25:53.000000000 2019.12.01D00:26:04.000000000 1       ..

Python

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 >>> import os
  >>> os.environ['PYKX_QDEBUG'] = 'true'
  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> kx.q.read.csv('/usr/local/anaconda3/data/taxi/yellow_tripdata_2019-12.csv')
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  VendorID tpep_pickup_datetime          tpep_dropoff_datetime         passenge..
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------..
  1        2019.12.01D00:26:58.000000000 2019.12.01D00:41:45.000000000 1       ..
  1        2019.12.01D00:12:08.000000000 2019.12.01D00:12:14.000000000 1       ..
  1        2019.12.01D00:25:53.000000000 2019.12.01D00:26:04.000000000 1       ..

When using debug mode, PyKX could run into issues where attempts to compare single character atoms would result in an error. This has now been fixed.

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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  >>> import os
  >>> os.environ['PYKX_QDEBUG'] = 'true'
  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> kx.q('"z"') == b'z'
  backtrace:
    [2]  =zz
         ^
    [1]  (.Q.trp)

    [0]  {[pykxquery] .Q.trp[value; pykxquery; {2@"backtrace:
                      ^
  ",.Q.sbt y;'x}]}
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    File "/usr/local/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pykx/wrappers.py", line 361, in __eq__
      return self._compare(other, '=')
    File "/usr/local/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pykx/wrappers.py", line 338, in _compare
      r = q(op_str, self, other)
    File "/usr/local/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pykx/embedded_q.py", line 233, in __call__
      return factory(result, False)
    File "pykx/_wrappers.pyx", line 493, in pykx._wrappers._factory
    File "pykx/_wrappers.pyx", line 486, in pykx._wrappers.factory
  pykx.exceptions.QError: =

Python

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 >>> import os
  >>> os.environ['PYKX_QDEBUG'] = 'true'
  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> kx.q('"z"') == b'z'
  pykx.BooleanAtom(pykx.q('1b'))

Update to system functions tables and functions to allow listing of tables and functions within dictionaries. Previously attempts to list entities within dictionaries would attempt to retrieve items in a namespace. The below example shows this behaviour for tables.

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> kx.q('.test.table:([]100?1f;100?0b)')
  >>> kx.q('test.tab:([]10?1f;10?5)')
  >>> kx.q.system.tables('test')
  pykx.SymbolVector(pykx.q(',`table'))
  >>> kx.q.system.tables('.test')
  pykx.SymbolVector(pykx.q(',`table'))

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> kx.q('.test.table:([]100?1f;100?0b)')
  >>> kx.q('test.tab:([]10?1f;10?5)')
  >>> kx.q.system.tables('test')
  pykx.SymbolVector(pykx.q(',`tab'))
  >>> kx.q.system.tables('.test')
  pykx.SymbolVector(pykx.q(',`table'))

Resolved issue in PyKXReimport which caused it to set empty environment variables to None rather than leaving them empty.
The _PyKX_base_types attribute assigned to dataframes during .pd() conversion included '> in the contents. This has been removed:
Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change
Python

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>>> kx.q('([] a:1 2)').pd().attrs['_PyKX_base_types'] {'a': "LongVector'>"}
Python

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>>> kx.q('([] a:1 2)').pd().attrs['_PyKX_base_types'] {'a': "LongVector"}

IPC queries can now pass PyKX Functions like objects as the query parameter.

Behavior prior to change

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 >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> conn = kx.SyncQConnection(port = 5050)
  >>> conn(kx.q.sum, [1, 2])
  ..
  ValueError: Cannot send Python function over IPC
  >>> conn(kx.q('{x+y}'), 1, 2)
  ..
  ValueError: Cannot send Python function over IPC
  >>> conn(kx.q.floor, 5.2)
  ..
  ValueError: Cannot send Python function over IPC

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> conn = kx.SyncQConnection(port = 5050)
  >>> conn(kx.q.sum, [1, 2])
  pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('3'))
  >>> conn(kx.q('{x+y}'), 1, 2)
  pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('3'))
  >>> conn(kx.q.floor, 5.2)
  pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('5'))

When failing to initialise PyKX with an expired or invalid license PyKX will now point a user to the license location:

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 Your PyKX license has now expired.

  Captured output from initialization attempt:
      '2023.10.18T13:27:59.719 licence error: exp

  Would you like to renew your license? [Y/n]:

Python

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 Your PyKX license has now expired.

  Captured output from initialization attempt:
      '2023.10.18T13:27:59.719 licence error: exp

  License location used:
  /usr/local/anaconda3/pykx/kc.lic

  Would you like to renew your license? [Y/n]:

Disabled raw conversions for kx.List types as the resulting converted object would be unusable, for example:

Behavior prior to change

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  >>> kx.q('(1j; 2f; 3i; 4e; 5h)').np(raw=True)
  array([418404288, 1, 418403936, 1, 418404000], dtype=np.uintp)

Python

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 >>> kx.q('(1j; 2f; 3i; 4e; 5h)').np(raw=True)
  array([1, 2.0, 3, 4.0, 5], dtype=object)

handle_nulls now operates on all of datetime64[ns|us|ms|s] and ensures that the contents of the original dataframe are not modified:

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>>> ns = np.array(['', '2020-09-08T07:06:05.123456789'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')
 >>> us = np.array(['', '2020-09-08T07:06:05.123456789'], dtype='datetime64[us]')
 >>> ms = np.array(['', '2020-09-08T07:06:05.123456789'], dtype='datetime64[ms]')
 >>> s = np.array(['', '2020-09-08T07:06:05.123456789'], dtype='datetime64[s]')
 >>> df = pd.DataFrame(data= {'ns':ns, 'us':us, 'ms':ms,'s':s})

 >>> df
                             ns                         us                      ms                   s
 0                           NaT                        NaT                     NaT                 NaT
 1 2020-09-08 07:06:05.123456789 2020-09-08 07:06:05.123456 2020-09-08 07:06:05.123 2020-09-08 07:06:05
 >>> kx.toq(df, handle_nulls=True)
 <stdin>:1: RuntimeWarning: WARN: Type information of column: s is not known falling back to DayVector type
 pykx.Table(pykx.q('
 ns                            us                            ms                            s
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             1970.01.01D00:00:00.000000000 1970.01.01D00:00:00.000000000
 2020.09.08D07:06:05.123456789 2020.09.08D07:06:05.123456000 2020.09.08D07:06:05.123000000 2020.09.08
 '))
 >>> df
                             ns                         us                      ms                   s
 0                           NaT                        NaT                     NaT                 NaT
 1 1990-09-09 07:06:05.123456789 2020-09-08 07:06:05.123456 2020-09-08 07:06:05.123 2020-09-08 07:06:05

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>>> ns = np.array(['', '2020-09-08T07:06:05.123456789'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')
 >>> us = np.array(['', '2020-09-08T07:06:05.123456789'], dtype='datetime64[us]')
 >>> ms = np.array(['', '2020-09-08T07:06:05.123456789'], dtype='datetime64[ms]')
 >>> s = np.array(['', '2020-09-08T07:06:05.123456789'], dtype='datetime64[s]')
 >>> df = pd.DataFrame(data= {'ns':ns, 'us':us, 'ms':ms,'s':s})

 >>> df
                             ns                         us                      ms                   s
 0                           NaT                        NaT                     NaT                 NaT
 1 2020-09-08 07:06:05.123456789 2020-09-08 07:06:05.123456 2020-09-08 07:06:05.123 2020-09-08 07:06:05
 >>> kx.toq(df, handle_nulls=True)
 pykx.Table(pykx.q('
 ns                            us                            ms                            s
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 2020.09.08D07:06:05.123456789 2020.09.08D07:06:05.123456000 2020.09.08D07:06:05.123000000 2020.09.08D07:06:05.000000000
 '))
 >>> df
                             ns                         us                      ms                   s
 0                           NaT                        NaT                     NaT                 NaT
 1 2020-09-08 07:06:05.123456789 2020-09-08 07:06:05.123456 2020-09-08 07:06:05.123 2020-09-08 07:06:05

Fix for error when calling .pd(raw=True) on EnumVector:

Behavior prior to change

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>>> kx.q('`s?`a`b`c').pd(raw=True)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
 File "/home/user/.pyenv/versions/3.11.5/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pykx/wrappers.py", line 2601, in pd
     return super(self).pd(raw=raw, has_nulls=has_nulls)
         ^^^^^^^^^^^
 TypeError: super() argument 1 must be a type, not EnumVector

Python

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>>> import pykx as kx
 >>> kx.q('`s?`a`b`c').pd(raw=True)
 0    0
 1    1
 2    2
 dtype: int64

Upgrade considerations

Since 2.1.0 when using Pandas >= 2.0 dataframe columns of type datetime64[s] converted to DateVector under toq. Now correctly converts to TimestampVector. See conversion considerations for further details.

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>>> kx.toq(pd.DataFrame(data= {'a':np.array(['2020-09-08T07:06:05'], dtype='datetime64[s]')}))
 <stdin>:1: RuntimeWarning: WARN: Type information of column: a is not known falling back to DayVector type
 pykx.Table(pykx.q('
 a
 ----------
 2020.09.08
 '))

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 >>> kx.toq(pd.DataFrame(data= {'a':np.array(['2020-09-08T07:06:05'], dtype='datetime64[s]')}))
 pykx.Table(pykx.q('
 a
 -----------------------------
 2020.09.08D07:06:05.000000000
 '))
 #Licensed users can pass `ktype` specifying column types if they wish to override the default behaviour
 >>> kx.toq(pd.DataFrame(data= {'a':np.array(['2020-09-08T07:06:05'], dtype='datetime64[s]')}), ktype={'a':kx.DateVector})
 pykx.Table(pykx.q('
 a
 ----------
 2020.09.08
 '))

Configuration option PYKX_DISABLE_PANDAS_WARNING has been removed.
Deprecated .pd(raw_guids) keyword.

Beta Features

Addition of streamlit connection class pykx.streamlit.Connection to allow querying of q processes when building a streamlit application. For an example of this functionality and an introduction to it's usage see here.

PyKX 2.4.2

Release Date

2024-04-03

Fixes and Improvements

Updated libq to 2024.03.28 for all supported OS's.

PyKX 2.4.1

Release Date

2024-03-27

Fixes and Improvements

Previously calls to qsql.select, qsql.exec, qsql.update and qsql.delete would require multiple calls to parse the content of where, columns and by clauses. These have now been removed with all parsing now completed within the functional query when called via IPC or local to the Python process.

Linux x86 and Mac x86/ARM unlicensed mode e.o library updated to 2023.11.22. Fixes subnormals issue:

Behavior prior to change

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  >>> import os
  >>> os.environ['PYKX_UNLICENSED']='true'
  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> import numpy as np
  >>> np.finfo(np.float64).smallest_subnormal + 0.
  /usr/local/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/numpy/core/getlimits.py:518: UserWarning: The value of the smallest subnormal for <class 'numpy.float64'> type is zero.
  setattr(self, word, getattr(machar, word).flat[0])
  /usr/local/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/numpy/core/getlimits.py:89: UserWarning: The value of the smallest subnormal for <class 'numpy.float64'> type is zero.
  return self._float_to_str(self.smallest_subnormal)
  0.0

Python

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  >>> import os
  >>> os.environ['PYKX_UNLICENSED']='true'
  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> import numpy as np
  >>> np.finfo(np.float64).smallest_subnormal + 0.
  5e-324

PyKX 2.4.0

Release Date

2024-03-20

Additions

Support for q/kdb+ 4.1 documentation here added as an opt-in capability, this functionality is enabled through setting PYKX_4_1_ENABLED environment variable.

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  >>> import os
  >>> os.environ['PYKX_4_1_ENABLED'] = 'True'
  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> kx.q.z.K
  pykx.FloatAtom(pykx.q('4.1'))

Added support for Python 3.12.
- Support for PyArrow in this python version is currently in Beta.
Added conversion of NumPy arrays of type datetime64[s], datetime64[ms], datetime64[us] to kx.TimestampVector
Added Table.sort_values(), Table.nsmallest() and Table.nlargest() to the Pandas like API for sorting tables.
Table.rename() now supports non-numerical index columns and improved the quality of errors thrown.

Added the reconnection_attempts key word argument to SyncQConnection, SecureQConnection, and AsyncQConnection IPC classes. This argument allows IPC connection to be automatically re-established when it is lost and a server has reinitialized.

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> conn = kx.SyncQConnection(port = 5050, reconnection_attempts=4)
  >>> conn('1+1')    # Following this call the server on port 5050 was closed for 2 seconds
  pykx.LongVector(pykx.q('2'))
  >>> conn('1+2')
  WARNING: Connection lost attempting to reconnect.
  Failed to reconnect, trying again in 0.5 seconds.
  Failed to reconnect, trying again in 1.0 seconds.
  Connection successfully reestablished.
  pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('3'))

Added --reconnection_attempts option to Jupyter %%q magic making use of the above IPC logic changes.

Addition of environment variable/configuration value PYKX_QDEBUG which allows debugging backtrace to be displayed for all calls into q instead of requiring a user to specify debugging is enabled per-call. This additionally works for remote IPC calls and utilisation of Jupyter magic commands.

Behavior prior to change

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> kx.q('{x+1}', 'e')
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    File "/usr/local/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pykx/embedded_q.py", line 230, in __call__
      return factory(result, False)
    File "pykx/_wrappers.pyx", line 493, in pykx._wrappers._factory
    File "pykx/_wrappers.pyx", line 486, in pykx._wrappers.factory
  pykx.exceptions.QError: type
  >>> kx.q('{x+1}', 'e', debug=True)
  backtrace:
    [2]  {x+1}
           ^
    [1]  (.Q.trp)

    [0]  {[pykxquery] .Q.trp[value; pykxquery; {if[y~();:(::)];2@"backtrace:
                      ^
  ",.Q.sbt y;'x}]}
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    File "/usr/local/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pykx/embedded_q.py", line 230, in __call__
      return factory(result, False)
    File "pykx/_wrappers.pyx", line 493, in pykx._wrappers._factory
    File "pykx/_wrappers.pyx", line 486, in pykx._wrappers.factory
  pykx.exceptions.QError: type

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 >>> import os
  >>> os.environ['PYKX_QDEBUG'] = 'True'
  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> kx.q('{x+1}', 'e')
  backtrace:
    [2]  {x+1}
           ^
    [1]  (.Q.trp)

    [0]  {[pykxquery] .Q.trp[value; pykxquery; {if[y~();:(::)];2@"backtrace:
                      ^
  ",.Q.sbt y;'x}]}
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    File "/usr/local/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pykx/embedded_q.py", line 230, in __call__
      return factory(result, False)
    File "pykx/_wrappers.pyx", line 493, in pykx._wrappers._factory
    File "pykx/_wrappers.pyx", line 486, in pykx._wrappers.factory
  pykx.exceptions.QError: type

Fixes and Improvements

Added instructions for script to install Windows dependencies.

Resolved segfaults on Windows when PyKX calls Python functions under q.

Behavior prior to change

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> kx.q('{[f;x] f  x}', sum, kx.q('4 4#til 16'))

  Sorry, this application or an associated library has encountered a fatal error and will exit.
  If known, please email the steps to reproduce this error to tech@kx.com
  with a copy of the kdb+ startup banner and the info printed below.
  Thank you.
  Fault address 0000000066110980

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> kx.q('{[f;x] f  x}', sum, kx.q('4 4#til 16'))

  pykx.LongVector(pykx.q('24 28 32 36'))

Updated kdb Insights Core libraries to 4.0.8, see here for more information.
Updated libq 4.0 version to 2024.03.04 for all supported OS's.

Fix issue where use of valid C backed q code APIs could result in segmentation faults when called.

Behavior prior to change

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> isf = kx.q('.pykx.util.isf')
  >>> isf
  pykx.Foreign(pykx.q('code'))
  >>> isf(True)
  Sorry, this application or an associated library has encountered a fatal error and will exit.
  If known, please email the steps to reproduce this error to tech@kx.com
  with a copy of the kdb+ startup banner and the info printed below.
  Thank you.
  SIGSEGV: Fault address 0x85

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> isf = kx.q('.pykx.util.isf')
  >>> isf
  pykx.Foreign(pykx.q('code'))
  >>> isf(True)
  pykx.BooleanAtom(pykx.q('0b'))

Fixed error since 2.2.1 in unlicensed mode when converting TimestampVector containing nulls to Python.

Behavior prior to change

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 >>> conn('enlist 0Np').py()
  Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/home/rocuinneagain/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pykx/wrappers.py", line 2443, in py
          converted_vector[i]=q('0Np')
  File "/home/rocuinneagain/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pykx/embedded_q.py", line 216, in __call__
          raise LicenseException("run q code via 'pykx.q'")
  pykx.exceptions.LicenseException: A valid q license must be in a known location (e.g. `$QLIC`) to run q code via 'pykx.q'.

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  >>> conn('enlist 0Np').py()
  [pykx.TimestampAtom(pykx.q('0Np'))]

Each call to the PyKX query API interned 3 new unique symbols. This has now been removed.

When using pykx.schema.builder users could not make use of pykx.*Vector objects for defining column types. This could result in confusion due to support for these types in other areas of the library (type casting etc).

Behavior prior to change

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 >>> pykx.schema.builder({'x': pykx.LongVector, 'x1': pykx.LongAtom})
  Exception: Error: <class 'KeyError'> raised for column x error

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  >>> pykx.schema.builder({'x': pykx.LongVector, 'x1': pykx.LongAtom})
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  x x1
  ----
  '))

Application of astype conversions could error if attempting to convert the column of a dataset to it's current type, this could be raised if using astype explicitly or when used internal to PyKX such as when defining the expected type when reading a CSV file.

PyKX database table listing now uses kx.q.Q.pt instead of kx.q.tables() when presenting the available tables to a users, this more accurately reflects the tables that can be interacted with by a users within the process.

Behavior prior to change

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>>> tab = kx.Table(data = {'sym': ['a', 'b', 'c'], 'num': [1, 2, 3]})
  >>> tab.astype({'sym': kx.SymbolAtom})
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    File "/usr/local/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pykx/embedded_q.py", line 229, in __call__
      return factory(result, False)
    File "pykx/_wrappers.pyx", line 493, in pykx._wrappers._factory
    File "pykx/_wrappers.pyx", line 486, in pykx._wrappers.factory
  pykx.exceptions.QError: type

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 >>> tab = kx.Table(data = {'sym': ['a', 'b', 'c'], 'num': [1, 2, 3]})
  >>> tab.astype({'sym': kx.SymbolAtom})
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  sym num
  -------
  a   1
  b   2
  c   3
  '))

Fix to ensure that if set PYKX_Q_LIB_LOCATION is used as the value for QHOME when initializing PyKX. This ensures all symlinking happens in the expected location and that \l loading of files behaves correctly.
Renamed labels parameter in Table.rename() to mapper to match Pandas. Added deprecation warning to labels.

Fixed bug where keys were being enlisted when Table.rename() called.

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

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  >>> tab = kx.KeyedTable(data=kx.q('([] Policy: 1 2 3)'))
  >>> tab.rename(index={0:'a'})
  idx     Policy
  --------------
  ,`a     1
  ,1      2
  ,2      3

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 >>> tab = kx.KeyedTable(data=kx.q('([] Policy: 1 2 3)'))
  >>> tab.rename(index={0:'a'})
  idx     Policy
  --------------
  `a      1
  1       2
  2       3

Deprecation of type column in dtypes output as it is a reserved keyword. Use new datatypes column instead.

Query API merge method no longer attempts to automatically key/unkey input tables when q_join=True. Users must pass correctly formed inputs.

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> tab1 = kx.Table(data={'k': ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'foo'], 'v': [1, 2, 3, 5]})
  >>> tab2 = kx.Table(data={'k': ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'foo'], 'v': [5, 6, 7, 8]})
  >>> tab1_keyed = tab1.set_index('k')
  >>> tab1.merge(tab2, how='left', q_join=True)

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  >>> tab1.merge(tab2_keyed, how='left', q_join=True)

Beta Features

Addition of Compress and Encrypt classes to allow users to set global configuration and for usage within Database partition persistence.

Standalone usage of compression/encryption

Usage of compression/encryption with Database

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> compress = kx.Compress(algo=kx.CompressionAlgorithm.gzip, level=8)
  >>> kx.q.z.zd
  pykx.Identity(pykx.q('::'))
  >>> compress.global_init()
  pykx.LongVector(pykx.q('17 2 8'))
  >>> encrypt = kx.Encrypt(path='/path/to/the.key', password='PassWord')
  >>> encrypt.load_key()

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> compress = kx.Compress(algo=kx.CompressionAlgorithm.lz4hc, level=10)
  >>> db = kx.DB(path='/tmp/db')
  >>> db.create(kx.q('([]10?1f;10?1f)', 'tab', kx.q('2020.03m'), compress=compress)
  >>> kx.q('-21!`:/tmp/db/2020.03/tab/x')
  pykx.Dictionary(pykx.q('
  compressedLength  | 140
  uncompressedLength| 96
  algorithm         | 4i
  logicalBlockSize  | 17i
  zipLevel          | 10i
  '))

On Windows from version 2.3.0 PyKX would raise the following warning message at startup about incompatibility between Threading feature and Windows, this now is only raised when PYKX_THREADING is set.

Python

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  C:\Users\username\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python311\site-packages\pykx\config.py:220: UserWarning: PYKX_THREADING is only supported on Linux / MacOS, it has been disabled.
  warn('PYKX_THREADING is only supported on Linux / MacOS, it has been disabled.')

PyKX 2.3.2

Release Date

2024-02-12

Fixes and Improvements

Update of PyKX 4.0 linux shared object to version 2024.02.09, this update is to facilitate deployments on more secure linux/linux-arm environments.
Update Table.rename() to skip over columns not in table instead of throwing error to match pandas.

PyKX 2.3.1

Release Date

2024-02-07

Fixes and Improvements

Python functions saved to q would error if passed '' or '.'. These now pass without issue.

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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  >>> def func(n=2):
  ...     return n
  ...
  >>> kx.q['func']= func
  >>> kx.q('func', '')
  Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/home/rocuinneagain/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pykx/embedded_q.py", line 227, in __call__
      return factory(result, False)
  File "pykx/_wrappers.pyx", line 493, in pykx._wrappers._factory
  File "pykx/_wrappers.pyx", line 486, in pykx._wrappers.factory
  pykx.exceptions.QError: Provided foreign object is not a Python object
  >>> kx.q('func', '.')
  Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/home/rocuinneagain/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pykx/embedded_q.py", line 227, in __call__
      return factory(result, False)
  File "pykx/_wrappers.pyx", line 493, in pykx._wrappers._factory
  File "pykx/_wrappers.pyx", line 486, in pykx._wrappers.factory
  pykx.exceptions.QError: rank

Python

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>>> def func(n=2):
  ...     return n
  ...
  >>> kx.q['func']= func
  >>> kx.q('func', '')
  pykx.SymbolAtom(pykx.q('`'))
  >>> kx.q('func', '.')
  pykx.SymbolAtom(pykx.q('`.'))

Changed Table.rename() to ignore any columns values that are of the wrong type instead of throwing an unhelpful error.

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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 >>> key_tab.rename({0:'PolicyID'}, axis = 1)
  ValueError('nyi')

Python

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  >>> key_tab.rename({0:'PolicyID'}, axis = 1)
  pykx.KeyedTable(pykx.q('
  idx| x y
  ---| ---
  0  | 0 3
  1  | 1 2
  2  | 2 1
  '))

Improved upon the quality of Table.rename() error messages and documentation on the function.
PyKX would error with _get_config_value() missing 1 required positional argument: 'default' on import if a license was not found since 2.3.0. Now correctly opens the license walkthrough.

Pandas 2.2.0 introduced breaking changes which effect PyKX. PyKX dependencies have been updated to pandas>=1.2, < 2.2.0 until these are resolved. Data casting behavior leads to an unexpected datatype being returned:

Behavior with Pandas <2.2.0

Behavior with Pandas >=2.2.0

Python

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  >>> pd.Series([1, pd.NA, 3], dtype=pd.Int64Dtype()).to_numpy()
  array([1, <NA>, 3], dtype=object)

  >>> kx.K(pd.Series([1, pd.NA, 3], dtype=pd.Int64Dtype()))
  pykx.LongVector(pykx.q('1 0N 3'))

Python

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  >>> pd.Series([1, pd.NA, 3], dtype=pd.Int64Dtype()).to_numpy()
  array([ 1., nan,  3.])

  >>> kx.K(pd.Series([1, pd.NA, 3], dtype=pd.Int64Dtype()))
  pykx.FloatVector(pykx.q('1 -9.223372e+18 3'))

df.select_dtypes() updated to now accept kx.*Atom values for include/exclude params. Use of kx.CharVector will return error.
To align with other areas of PyKX the upsert and insert methods for PyKX tables and keyed tables now support the keyword argument inplace, this change will deprecate usage of replace_self with the next major release of PyKX.

Beta Features

Addition of the concept of Remote Function execution to PyKX, this allows users, from a Python session to define Python functions which will be executed on a remote q/kdb+ server running PyKX under q. The intention with this feature is to allow onboarding of Python first operations within existing or q/kdb+ first infrastructures

Python

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  >>> from pykx.remote import function, session
  >>> remote_session = session()
  >>> remote_session.create('localhost', 5050)
  >>> @function(remote_session)
  ... def func(x):
  ...     return x+1
  >>> func(2)            # Functionality run on q server
  pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('3'))
  >>> remote_session.clear()

PyKX 2.3.0

Release Date

2024-01-22

Additions

PyKX now supports the use of KDB_LICENSE_B64 or KDB_K4LICENSE_B64 configuration values/environment variables to define the content of a kc.lic or k4.lic license respectively if no license is found on initial usage of PyKX.

Shortcut provided for access to current date, time and timestamp information using 'today' and 'now'.

Python

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  >>> kx.DateAtom('today')
  pykx.DateAtom(pykx.q('2024.01.05'))
  >>> kx.TimeAtom('now')
  pykx.TimeAtom(pykx.q('16:15:32.724'))
  >>> kx.TimestampAtom('now')
  pykx.TimestampAtom(pykx.q('2024.01.05T16:15:42.926631000'))

Addition of support for inplace updates of PyKX tables modified using qsql select/update/delete operations on in-memory data. Application of inplace modifications is not supported for direct application on Partitioned/Splayed tables.

Python

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  >>> N = 1000
  >>> qtab = kx.Table(data={'x': kx.random.random(N, 1.0, seed=10)})
  >>> qtab
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  x
  -----------
  0.0891041
  0.8345194
  0.3621949
  0.999934
  0.3837986
  ..
  '))
  >>> kx.q.qsql.select(qtab, where = ['x>0.5'], inplace=True)
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  x
  -----------
  0.8345194
  0.999934
  0.8619188
  0.7517286
  0.6348263
  ..
  '))
  >>> qtab
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  x
  -----------
  0.8345194
  0.999934
  0.8619188
  0.7517286
  0.6348263
  ..
  '))

Addition of reset_index, add_suffix, add_prefix, count, skew and std functionality to Pandas Like API
- See here for details of supported keyword arguments, limitations and examples.
%%q Jupyter Notebook magic adds --debug option which prints the q backtrace if the cell execution fails.
Release 2.3.0 adds to PyKX the concept of Beta features, these features are available to users through setting the configuration/environment variable PYKX_BETA_FEATURES. For more information on Beta features see further documentation here

Fixes and Improvements

%%q Jupyter Notebook magic now returns all outputs up to and including an error when thrown. Previously only the error was returned.
%%q Jupyter Notebook magic ignores accidental whitespace in execution options. Below example no longer fails with Received unknown argument error:
Python
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%%q --port 5000
In cases where PyKX IPC sockets read data from unexpected publishers it could raise an IndexError. PyKX will now provide a more verbose error indicating that an unexpected message has been received, the bytes processed and requests a reproducible example to be provided if possible.

Update to table column retrieval logic to error when a user attempts to access a non-existent column with a queried table.

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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 >>> tab = kx.Table(data = {'a': [1, 2, 3]})
  >>> tab['c']
  pykx.LongVector(pykx.q('`long$()'))

Python

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 >>> tab = kx.Table(data = {'a': [1, 2, 3]})
  >>> tab['c']
  ..
  QError: Attempted to retrieve inaccessible column: c

Improved error message for conversion failures.
Fixes an issue where a user would receive a length error when attempting to apply min, max, prod and sum functions on pykx.KeyedTable objects.

Beta Features

Database Management functionality has been added for the creation, loading and maintenance of PyKX Partitioned Databases. A full worked example of this functionality can be found here along with full API documentation which includes examples of each function here. The API includes but is not limited to the following:
- Database table creation and renaming.
  - Enumeration of in-memory tables against on-disk sym file.
- Column listing, addition, reordering, renaming copying, function application and deletion on-disk.
- Attribute setting and removal.
- Addition of missing tables from partitions within a database.
Added PYKX_THREADING environment variable that allows multithreaded programs to modify state when calling into python on secondary threads. Note: This behaviour is only supported on Linux / MacOS.

Note

When using PYKX_THREADING you must ensure you call kx.shutdown_thread() at the end of the script to ensure the background thread is properly closed.

PyKX 2.2.3

Release Date

2024-01-11

Fixes and Improvements

PyKX now raises an error appropriately when failing to locate msvcr100.dll when loading on Windows.
Config values now default to False when not set rather than None.
Resolved issue where both PYKX_NO_SIGNAL and PYKX_NO_SIGINT needed to be set to take effect. Now correctly accepts either.
Reduced signal handling list to only SIGINT and SIGTERM. The inclusion of SIGSEGV since 2.2.1 could cause segfaults with compressed enum files.
Updated q libraries to 2024.01.09

Note

PyKX 2.2.3 is currently not available for Mac x86 for all Python versions, additionally it is unavailable for Mac ARM on Python 3.7. Updated builds will be provided once available.

PyKX 2.2.2

WARNING

Please skip this release and use 2.2.3 or newer. This is due to potential segfaults when reading compressed files.

Release Date

2023-12-12

Fixes and Improvements

Conversions between UUID and pykx.GUID types could produce invalid results under various conditions in both licensed and unlicensed mode.
A regression in 2.2.1 resulted in SIGINT signals being incorrectly treated as SIGTERM style signals, PyKX now resets all signals overwritten by PyKX to their values prior to import.
Indexing regression in 2.2.1 causing hangs for certain inputs such as tbl[::-1] has been resolved.

PyKX 2.2.1

WARNING

Please skip this release and use 2.2.3 or newer. This is due to potential segfaults when reading compressed files.

Release Date

2023-11-30

Fixes and Improvements

Some messages to stdout were not being captured when redirecting. Now all are captured.
Deprecation of internally used environment variable UNDER_PYTHON which has been replaced by PYKX_UNDER_PYTHON to align with other internally used environment variables.
Fix Unknown default conversion type error when PYKX_DEFAULT_CONVERSION is set to k
Numpy dependency for Python 3.11 corrected to numpy~=1.23.2
pykx.q.qsql.select and pykx.q.qsql.exec statements no longer use get calls for table retrieval unnecessarily when operating locally or via IPC.

Null integral values in table keys will no longer convert the underlying vectors to floats when converting from a pykx.KeyedTable to pandas.DataFrame

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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  >>> kx.q('`col1 xkey ([] col1: (1j; 2j; 0Nj); col2:(1j; 2j; 0Nj); col3:`a`b`c)').pd()
         col2 col3
  col1
   1.0      1    a
   2.0      2    b
   0.0     --    c

Python

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  >>> kx.q('`col1 xkey ([] col1: (1j; 2j; 0Nj); col2:(1j; 2j; 0Nj); col3:`a`b`c)').pd()
         col2 col3
  col1
   1       1    a
   2       2    b
  --      --    c

WARNING

For multi-keyed PyKX tables converted to Pandas the appropriate round-trip behaviour is supported however due to limitations in Pandas displaying of these as masked arrays is not supported as below.

Python

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 >>> kx.q('`col1`col2 xkey ([] col1: (1j; 2j; 0Nj); col2:(1j; 2j; 0Nj); col3:`a`b`c)').pd()
                                            col3
  col1                 col2
   1                    1                      a
   2                    2                      b
  -9223372036854775808 -9223372036854775808    c

Fix to issue where providing SIGTERM signals to Python processes running PyKX would not result in the Python process being terminated.
Addition of deprecation warning for environmental configuration option PYKX_NO_SIGINT which is to be replaced by PYKX_NO_SIGNAL. This is used when users require no signal handling logic overwrites and now covers SIGTERM, SIGINT, SIGABRT signals amongst others.

Use of pykx.q.system.variables no longer prepends leading . to supplied string allowing users to get the variables associated with dictionary like namespaces.

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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  >>> kx.q('.test.a:1;.test.b:2')
  >>> kx.q('test.c:3;test.d:4')
  >>> kx.q.system.variables('.test')
  pykx.SymbolVector(pykx.q('`s#`a`b'))
  >>> kx.q.system.variables('test')
  pykx.SymbolVector(pykx.q('`s#`a`b'))

Python

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  >>> kx.q('.test.a:1;.test.b:2')
  >>> kx.q('test.c:3;test.d:4')
  >>> kx.q.system.variables('.test')
  pykx.SymbolVector(pykx.q('`s#`a`b'))
  >>> kx.q.system.variables('test')
  pykx.SymbolVector(pykx.q('`s#`c`d'))

q dictionaries with tables as keys were being incorrectly wrapped as pykx.KeyedTable. Now corrected to pykx.Dictionary:

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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  >>> type(pykx.q('([] a:1 2 3;b:2 3 4)!enlist each 1 2 3'))
  <class 'pykx.wrappers.KeyedTable'>

Python

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 >>> type(pykx.q('([] a:1 2 3;b:2 3 4)!enlist each 1 2 3'))
  <class 'pykx.wrappers.Dictionary'>

Added consistent conversion of datetime.time objects

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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  q).pykx.pyexec"from datetime import time"
  q).pykx.eval["time(11, 34, 56)"]`
  foreign
  >> kx.toq(time(11, 34, 56))
  Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
      File "pykx/toq.pyx", line 2641, in pykx.toq.ToqModule.__call__
      File "pykx/toq.pyx", line 270, in pykx.toq._default_converter
  TypeError: Cannot convert <class 'datetime.time'> 'datetime.time(11, 34, 56)' to K object

Python

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>>> kx.toq(time(11, 34, 56))
        Traceback (most recent call last):
            File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
            File "pykx/toq.pyx", line 2641, in pykx.toq.ToqModule.__call__
            File "pykx/toq.pyx", line 270, in pykx.toq._default_converter
        TypeError: Cannot convert <class 'datetime.time'> 'datetime.time(11, 34, 56)' to K object

Fixed null value for TimestampVector returning NoneType instead of pykx.wrappers.TimestampAtom for .py() method

Before Null Change

After Null Change

Python

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  >>> for x in kx.q('0Np,.z.p').py():
  ...     print(type (x))
  <class 'NoneType'>
  <class 'datetime.datetime'>

Python

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 >>> for x in kx.q('0Np,.z.p').py():
  ...     print(type (x))
  <class 'pykx.wrappers.TimestampAtom'>
  <class 'datetime.datetime'>

Upgrade considerations

If dependent on the environment variable UNDER_PYTHON please upgrade your code to use PYKX_UNDER_PYTHON

PyKX 2.2.0

Release Date

2023-11-09

Additions

Addition of agg method for application of aggregation functions on pykx.Table and pykx.GroupbyTable objects

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> import numpy as np
  >>> import statistics
    >>> def mode(x):
  ...     return statistics.mode(x)
  >>> tab = kx.Table(data={
  ...     'x': kx.random.random(1000, 10),
  ...     'x1': kx.random.random(1000, 10.0)})
  >>> tab.agg(mode)
  pykx.Dictionary(pykx.q('
  x | 6
  x1| 2.294631
  '))
  >>> tab.agg(['min', 'mean'])
  pykx.KeyedTable(pykx.q('
  function| x     x1
  --------| -----------------
  min     | 0     0.009771725
  mean    | 4.588 5.152194
  '))
  >>>
  >>> group_tab = kx.Table(data={
  ...     'x': kx.random.random(1000, ['a', 'b']),
  ...     'y': kx.random.random(1000, 10.0)})
  >>> group_tab.groupby('x').agg('mean')
  pykx.KeyedTable(pykx.q('
  x| y
  -| --------
  a| 5.239048
  b| 4.885599
  '))
  >>> group_tab.groupby('x').agg(mode)
  pykx.KeyedTable(pykx.q('
  x| y
  -| --------
  a| 1.870281
  b| 4.46898
  '))

Addition of the ability for users to run min, max, mean, median, sum and mode methods on vector objects within PyKX.

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> random_vec = kx.random.random(5, 3, seed=20)
  pykx.LongVector(pykx.q('0 1 0 1 1'))
  >>> random_vec.mode()
  pykx.LongVector(pykx.q(',1'))
  >>> random_vec.mean()
  pykx.FloatAtom(pykx.q('0.6'))

Addition of the ability for users to assign objects to pykx.*Vector and pykx.List objects

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> qvec = kx.q.til(10)
  >>> qvec
  pykx.LongVector(pykx.q('0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9'))
  >>> qvec[3] = 45
  >>> qvec
  pykx.LongVector(pykx.q('0 1 2 45 4 5 6 7 8 9'))
  >>> qvec[-1] = 20
  >>> qvec
  pykx.LongVector(pykx.q('0 1 2 45 4 5 6 7 8 20'))

Users can now assign/update keys of a pykx.Dictionary object using an in-built __setitem__ method as follows

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> pykx_dict = kx.toq({'x': 1})
  >>> pykx_dict
  pykx.Dictionary(pykx.q('x| 1'))
  >>> pykx_dict['x1'] = 2
  >>> pykx_dict
  pykx.Dictionary(pykx.q('
  x | 1
  x1| 2
  '))
  >>> for i in range(3):
  ...     pykx_dict['x']+=i
  ...
  >>> pykx_dict
  pykx.Dictionary(pykx.q('
  x | 4
  x1| 2
  '))

Addition of null and inf properties for pykx.Atom objects allowing for Pythonic retrieval of nulls and infinities

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> kx.FloatAtom.null
  pykx.FloatAtom(pykx.q('0n'))
  >>> kx.GUIDAtom.null
  pykx.GUIDAtom(pykx.q('00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000'))
  >>> kx.IntAtom.inf
  pykx.IntAtom(pykx.q('0Wi'))
  >>> -kx.IntAtom.inf
  pykx.IntAtom(pykx.q('-0Wi'))

Users can now use the environment variables PYKX_UNLICENSED="true" or PYKX_LICENSED="true" set this as part of configuration within their .pykx-config file to allow unlicensed or licensed mode to be the default behaviour on initialisation for example:
Python
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>>> import os >>> os.environ['PYKX_UNLICESED'] = "true" >>> import pykx as kx >>> kx.toq([1, 2, 3]) pykx.List._from_addr(0x7fee46000a00)

Addition of append and extend methods to pykx.*Vector and pykx.List objects

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> qvec = kx.q.til(5)
  >>> qvec.append(100)
  >>> qvec
  pykx.LongVector(pykx.q('0 1 2 3 4 100'))
  >>> qvec.extend([1, 2, 3])
  >>> qvec
  pykx.LongVector(pykx.q('0 1 2 3 4 100 1 2 3'))

Addition of debug keyword argument to the __call__ method on EmbeddedQ and QConnection objects to provide backtraces on q code.

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> kx.q('{[x] a: 5; b: til a; c: til x; b,c}', b'foo', debug=True)
  backtrace:
    [3]  (.q.til)

    [2]  {[x] a: 5; b: til a; c: til x; b,c}
                                 ^
    [1]  (.Q.trp)

        [0]  {[pykxquery] .Q.trp[value; pykxquery; {2@"backtrace:
                      ^
  ",.Q.sbt y;'x}]}
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    File "...\site-packages\pykx\embedded_q.py", line 226, in __call__
      return factory(result, False)
    File "pykx\\_wrappers.pyx", line 504, in pykx._wrappers._factory
    File "pykx\\_wrappers.pyx", line 497, in pykx._wrappers.factory
  pykx.exceptions.QError: type

Added feature to extract individual elements of both TimestampAtom and TimestampVector in a pythonic way including:

date - DateAtom / DateVector
time - TimeAtom / TimeVector
year - IntAtom / IntVector
month - IntAtom / IntVector
day - IntAtom / IntVector
hour - IntAtom / IntVector
minute - IntAtom / IntVector
second - IntAtom / IntVector

Python

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  >>> timestamp_atom = kx.q('2023.10.25D16:42:01.292070013')

  >>> timestamp_atom.time
  pykx.TimeAtom(pykx.q('16:42:01.292'))
  >>> timestamp_atom.date
  pykx.DateAtom(pykx.q('2023.10.25'))
  >>> timestamp_atom.minute
  pykx.IntAtom(pykx.q('42i'))

  >>> timestamp_atom_2 = kx.q('2018.11.09D12:21:08.456123789')
  >>> timestamp_vector = kx.q('enlist', timestamp_atom, timestamp_atom_2)

  >>> timestamp_vector.time
  pykx.TimeVector(pykx.q('16:42:01.292 12:21:08.456'))
  >>> timestamp_vector.date
  pykx.DateVector(pykx.q('2023.10.25 2018.11.09'))
  >>> timestamp_vector.hour
  pykx.IntVector(pykx.q('16 12i'))

Addition of poll_recv_async to RawQConnection objects to support asynchronous polling.

Addition of negative slicing to list , vector and table objects

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> qlist = kx.q('("a";2;3.3;`four)')
  >>> qlist[-3:]
  pykx.List(pykx.q('
  2
  3.3
  `four
  '))

  >>> vector = kx.q('til 5')
  >>> vector[:-1]
  pykx.LongVector(pykx.q('0 1 2 3'))

  >>> table = kx.q('([] a:1 2 3; b:4 5 6; c:7 8 9)')
  >>> table[-2:]
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  a b c
  -----
  2 5 8
  3 6 9
  '))

Fixes and Improvements

Fix to allow users to use Python functions when operating on a pykx.GroupbyTable with an apply function

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> import statistics
  >>> def mode(x):
  ...    return statistics.mode(x)
  >>> tab = kx.q('([]sym:`a`b`a`a;1 1 0 0)')
  >>> tab.groupby('sym').apply(mode)
  pykx.KeyedTable(pykx.q('
  sym| x
  ---| -
  a  | 0
  b  | 1
  '))

Added debug dependency for find-libpython that can be installed using pip install "pykx[debug]". This dependency can be used to help find libpython in the scenario that pykx.q fails to find it.
Usage of the QARGS to enable/disable various elements of kdb Insights functionality has been formalised, outlined here. For example users can now use QARGS="--no-objstor" to disable object storage capabilities.

Failure to initialise PyKX with exp or embedq license errors will now prompt users to ask if they wish to download an appropriate license following expiry or use of an invalid license

'exp' License Prompt

'embedq' License Prompt

'upd' License Prompt

Python

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  Your PyKX license has now expired.

  Captured output from initialization attempt:
      '2023.10.18T13:27:59.719 licence error: exp

  Would you like to renew your license? [Y/n]:

Python

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 You appear to be using a non kdb Insights license.

  Captured output from initialization attempt:
      '2023.10.18T13:27:59.719 licence error: embedq

  Running PyKX in the absence of a kdb Insights license has reduced functionality.
  Would you like to install a kdb Insights personal license? [Y/n]:

Python

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 Your installed license is out of date for this version of PyKX and must be updated.

  Captured output from initialization attempt:
      '2023.10.18T13:27:59.719 licence error: upd

  Would you like to install an updated kdb Insights personal license? [Y/n]:

PyKX sets PYKX_EXECUTABLE to use when loading embedded q to prevent errors if launched using a different Python executable than that which will be found in PATH
Jupyter Notebook:
- Removal of FutureWarning when displaying tables and dictionaries.
- Revert issue causing results to be displayed as pointer references rather than Python objects in unlicensed mode.
- %%q magic now suppresses displaying of ::.
- %%q magic addition of --display option to have display be called on returned items in place of the default print.
PyKXReimport now additionally unsets/resets: PYKX_SKIP_UNDERQ, PYKX_EXECUTABLE, PYKX_DIR

When attempting to deserialize unsupported byte representations pykx.deserialize would result in a segmentation fault, this has been updated such that an error message is now raised.

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> kx.deserialize(b'invalid byte string')
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    File "/usr/local/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pykx/serialize.py", line 123, in deserialize
      return _deserialize(data)
    File "pykx/_wrappers.pyx", line 131, in pykx._wrappers.deserialize
    File "pykx/_wrappers.pyx", line 135, in pykx._wrappers.deserialize
  pykx.exceptions.QError: Failed to deserialize supplied non PyKX IPC serialized format object

Fixed an issue when using multiple asynchronous QConnection connected to multiple servers.

Users can now access the length of and index into pykx.CharAtom objects to align with Pythonic equivalent data

Python

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  >>> qatom = kx.CharAtom('a')
  >>> len(qatom)
  1
  >>> qatom[0]
  pykx.CharAtom(pykx.q('"a"'))

PyKX 2.1.2

Release Date

2023-10-24

Fixes and Improvements

Fix to issue where functions retrieved using the Context Interface with names update/delete/select/exec would result in an AttributeError

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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 >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> kx.q.test
  <pykx.ctx.QContext of .test with [ctx]>
  >>> kx.q.test.ctx.update(1)
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    File "/usr/local/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pykx/ctx.py", line 121, in __getattr__
      raise AttributeError(f'{key}: {self._unsupported_keys_with_msg[key]}')
  AttributeError: update: Usage of 'update' function directly via 'q' context not supported, please consider using 'pykx.q.qsql.update'

Python

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 >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> kx.q.test
  <pykx.ctx.QContext of .test with [ctx]>
  >>> kx.q.test.ctx.update(1)
  pykx.LongAtom(pykx.q('2'))

PyKX 2.1.1

Release Date

2023-10-10

Fixes and Improvements

Fix to regression in PyKX 2.1.0 where execution of from pykx import * would result in the following behaviour

Python

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  >>> from pykx import *
  ...
  AttributeError: module 'pykx' has no attribute 'PyKXSerialized'

PyKX 2.1.0

Release Date

2023-10-09

Additions

Added functionality to the CSV Reader to allow for the input of data structures while defining column types. For example, the following reads a CSV file and specifies the types of the three columns named x1, x2 and x3 to be of type Integer, GUID and Timestamp.
Python
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>>> table = q.read.csv('example.csv', {'x1':kx.IntAtom,'x2':kx.GUIDAtom,'x3':kx.TimestampAtom})

Conversions from Pandas Dataframes and PyArrow tables using pykx.toq can now specify the ktype argument as a dictionary allowing selective type conversions for defined columns

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> import pandas as pd
  >>> df = pd.DataFrame.from_dict({'x': [1, 2], 'y': ['a', 'b']})
  >>> kx.toq(df).dtypes
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  columns type
  -----------------------
  x       "kx.LongAtom"
  y       "kx.SymbolAtom"
  '))
  >>> kx.toq(df, ktype={'x': kx.FloatAtom}).dtypes
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  columns type
  -----------------------
  x       "kx.FloatAtom"
  y       "kx.SymbolAtom"
  '))

Addition of the ability for users to run an apply method on vector objects within PyKX allowing the application of Python/PyKX functionality on these vectors directly

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> random_vec = kx.random.random(2, 10.0, seed=100)
  >>> random_vec
  pykx.FloatVector(pykx.q('8.909647 3.451941'))
  >>> random_vec.apply(lambda x:x+1)
  pykx.FloatVector(pykx.q('9.909647 4.451941'))
  >>> def func(x, y):
  ...     return x+y
  >>> random_vec.apply(func, y=2)
  pykx.FloatVector(pykx.q('10.909647 5.451941'))

Notebooks will HTML print tables and dictionaries through the addition of _repr_html_. Previous q style output is still available using print.
Added serialize and deserialize as base methods to assist with the serialization of K objects for manual use over IPC.
Added support for pandas version 2.0.

WARNING

Pandas 2.0 has deprecated the datetime64[D/M] types.

Due to this change it is not always possible to determine if the resulting q Table should use a MonthVector or a DateVector. In the scenario that it is not possible to determine the expected type a warning will be raised and the DateVector type will be used as a default.

Fixes and Improvements

Empty PyKX keyed tables can now be converted to Pandas DataFrames, previously this would raise a ValueError

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> df = kx.q('0#`a xkey ([]a:1 2 3;b:3 4 5)').pd()
  >>> df
  Empty DataFrame
  Columns: [b]
  Index: []
  >>> df.index.name
  'a'
  >>> kx.toq(df)
  pykx.KeyedTable(pykx.q('
  a| b
  -| -
  '))

Fix to issue introduced in 2.0.0 where indexing of pykx.Table returned incorrect values when passed negative/out of range values

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> tab = kx.Table(data={"c1": list(range(3))})
  >>> tbl[-1]
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  c1
  --

  '))
  >>> tab[-4]
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  c1
  --

  '))
  >>> tab[3]
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  c1
  --

  '))

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> tab = kx.Table(data={"c1": list(range(3))})
  >>> tab[-1]
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  c1
  --
  2
  '))
  >>> tab[-4]
  ...
  IndexError: index out of range
  >>> tab[3]
  ...
  IndexError: index out of range

Fix to issue where PyKX would not initialize when users with a QINIT environment variable set which pointed to a file contained a show statement
Retrieval of dtypes with tables containing real columns will now return kx.RealAtom for the type rather than incorrectly returning kx.ShortAtom
Users with QINIT environment variable would previously load twice on initialization within PyKX
Users installing PyKX under q on Windows had been missing installation of required files using pykx.install_into_QHOME()

Dependency Updates

The version of Cython used to build PyKX was updated to the full 3.0.x release version.

PyKX 2.0.1

Release Date

2023-09-21

Fixes and Improvements

User input based license initialization introduced in 2.0.0 no longer expects user input when operating in a non-interactive modality, use of PyKX in this mode will revert to previous behavior
Use of the environment variables QARGS='--unlicensed' or QARGS='--licensed' operate correctly following regression in 2.0.0
Fix to issue where OSError would be raised when close() was called on an IPC connection which has already disconnected server side

PyKX 2.0.0

Release Date

2023-09-18

PyKX 2.0.0 major version increase is required due to the following major changes which are likely to constitute breaking changes
- Pandas API functionality is enabled permanently which will modify data indexing and retrieval of pykx.Table objects. Users should ensure to review and test their codebase before upgrading.
- EmbedPy replacement functionality for PyKX under q is now non-beta for Linux and MacOS installations, see here for full information on 2.0.0 changelog.

Additions

Pandas API is enabled by default allowing users to treat PyKX Tables similarly to Pandas Dataframes for a limited subset of Pandas like functionality. As a result of this change the environment variable PYKX_ENABLE_PANDAS_API is no longer required.
Addition of file based configuration setting allowing users to define profiles for various PyKX modalities through definition of the file .pykx.config see here for more information.
Addition of new PyKX license installation workflow for users who do not have a PyKX license allowing for installation of personal licenses via a form based install process. This updated flow is outlined here.
Addition of a new module pykx.license which provides functionality for the installation of licenses, checking of days to expiry and validation that the license which PyKX is using matches the file/base64 string the user expects. For more information see here.

Addition of apply and groupby methods to PyKX Tables allowing users to perform additional advanced analytics for example:

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> N = 1000000
  >>> tab = kx.Table(data = {
  ...       'price': kx.random.random(N, 10.0),
  ...       'sym': kx.random.random(N, ['a', 'b', 'c'])
  ...       })
  >>> tab.groupby('sym').apply(kx.q.sum)
  pykx.KeyedTable(pykx.q('
  sym| price
  ---| --------
  a  | 166759.4
  b  | 166963.6
  c  | 166444.1
  '))

Addition of a new module pykx.random which provides functionality for the generation of random data and setting of random seeds. For more information see here

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> kx.random.random(5, 1.0, seed=123)
  pykx.FloatVector(pykx.q('0.1959057 0.06460555 0.9550039 0.4991214 0.3207941'))
  >>> kx.random.seed(123)
  >>> kx.random.random(5, 1.0)
  pykx.FloatVector(pykx.q('0.1959057 0.06460555 0.9550039 0.4991214 0.3207941'))
  >>> kx.random.random([3, 4], ['a', 'b', 'c'])
  pykx.List(pykx.q('
  b c a b
  b a b a
  a a a a
  '))

Addition of a new module pykx.register which provides functionality for the addition of user specified type conversions for Python objects to q via the function py_toq for more information see here. The following is an example of using this function

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> def complex_conversion(data):
  ...     return kx.q([data.real, data.imag])
  >>> kx.register.py_toq(complex, complex_conversion)
  >>> kx.toq(complex(1, 2))
  pykx.FloatVector(pykx.q('1 2f'))

Support for fixed length string dtype with Numpy arrays

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> import numpy as np
  >>> kx.toq(np.array([b'string', b'test'], dtype='|S7'))
  pykx.List(pykx.q('
  "string"
  "test"
  '))

Fixes and Improvements

Update to environment variable definitions in all cases to be prefixed with PYKX_*
Return of Pandas API functions dtypes, columns, empty, ndim, size and shape return kx objects rather than Pythonic objects
Removed GLIBC_2.34 dependency for conda installs
Removed the ability for users to incorrectly call pykx.q.{select/exec/update/delete} with error message now suggesting usage of pykx.q.qsql.{function}
Fixed behavior of loc when used on KeyedTable objects to match the pandas behavior.
Addition of warning on failure to link the content of a users QHOME directory pointing users to documentation for warning suppression
Update to PyKX foreign function handling to support application of Path objects as first argument i.e. q("{[f;x] f x}")(lambda x: x)(Path('test'))
SQL interface will attempt to automatically load on Windows and Mac
Attempts to serialize pykx.Foreign, pykx.SplayedTable and pykx.PartitionedTable objects will now result in a type error fixing a previous issue where this could result in a segmentation fault.
Messages mistakenly sent to a PyKX client handle are now gracefully ignored.

Application of Pandas API dtypes operations return a table containing column to type mappings with PyKX object specific types rather than Pandas/Python types

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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 >>> table = kx.Table([[1, 'a', 2.0, b'testing', b'b'], [2, 'b', 3.0, b'test', b'a']])
  >>> print(table)
  x x1 x2 x3        x4
  --------------------
  1 a  2  "testing" b
  2 b  3  "test"    a
  >>> table.dtypes
  x       int64
  x1     object
  x2    float64
  x3     object
  x4        |S1
  dtype: object

Python

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  >>> table = kx.Table([[1, 'a', 2.0, b'testing', b'b'], [2, 'b', 3.0, b'test', b'a']])
  >>> print(table)
  x x1 x2 x3        x4
  --------------------
  1 a  2  "testing" b
  2 b  3  "test"    a
  >>> table.dtypes
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  columns type
  -----------------------
  x       "kx.LongAtom"
  x1      "kx.SymbolAtom"
  x2      "kx.FloatAtom"
  x3      "kx.CharVector"
  x4      "kx.CharAtom"
  '))

Fixed an issue where inequality checks would return False incorrectly

Behavior prior to change

Behavior post change

Python

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  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> kx.q('5') != None
  pykx.q('0b')

Python

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 >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> kx.q('5') != None
  pykx.q('1b')

Breaking Changes

Pandas API functionality is enabled permanently which will modify data indexing and retrieval. Users should ensure to review and test their codebase before upgrading.

PyKX 1.6.3

Release Date

2023-08-18

Additions

Addition of argument return_info to pykx.util.debug_environment allowing user to optionally return the result as a str rather than to stdout

Fixes and Improvements

Fixed Pandas API use of ndim functionality which should return 2 when interacting with tables following the expected Pandas behavior.
Fixed an error when using the Pandas API to update a column with a Symbols, Characters, and Generic Lists.
Prevent attempting to pass wrapped Python functions over IPC.
Support IPC payloads over 4GiB.

PyKX 1.6.2

Release Date

2023-08-15

Additions

Added to_local_folder kwarg to install_into_QHOME to enable use of pykx.q without write access to QHOME.
Added an example that shows how to use EmbeddedQ in a multithreaded context where the threads need to modify global state.
Added PYKX_NO_SIGINT environment variable.

Fixes and Improvements

Fixed an issue causing a crash when closing QConnection instances on Windows.
Updated q 4.0 libraries to 2023.08.11. Note: Mac ARM release remains on 2022.09.30.
Fix Jupyter Magic in local mode.
Fix error when binding with FFI in QINIT.
Fix issue calling peach with PYKX_RELEASE_GIL set to true when calling a Python function.

PyKX 1.6.1

Release Date

2023-07-19

Additions

Added sorted, grouped, parted, and unique. As methods off of Tables and Vectors.
Added PyKXReimport class to allow subprocesses to reimport PyKX safely.
- Also includes .pykx.safeReimport in pykx.q to allows this behavior when running under q as well.
Added environment variables to specify a path to libpython in the case pykx.q cannot find it.

Fixes and Improvements

Fixed memory leaks within the various QConnection subclasses.
Added deprecation warning around the discontinuing of support for Python 3.7.
Fixed bug in Jupyter Notebook magic command.
Fixed a bug causing np.ndarray's to not work within ufuncs.
Fixed a memory leak within all QConnection subclasses. Fixed for both PyKX as a client and as a server.
Updated insights libraries to 4.0.2
Fixed pykx.q functionality when run on Windows.
Fixed an issue where reimporting PyKX when run under q would cause a segmentation fault.
Updated the warning message for the insights core libraries failing to load to make it more clear that no error has occurred.

PyKX 1.6.0

Release Date

2023-06-16

Additions

Added merge_asof to the Pandas like API.
- See here for details of supported keyword arguments and limitations.
Added set_index to the Pandas like API.
- See here for details of supported keyword arguments and limitations.
Added a set of basic computation methods operating on tabular data to the Pandas like API. See here for available methods and examples.
pykx.util.debug_environment added to help with import errors.
q vector type promotion in licensed mode.
Added .pykx.toraw to pykx.q to enable raw conversions (e.g. kx.toq(x, raw=True))
Added support for Python 3.11.
- Support for PyArrow in this python version is currently in Beta.
Added the ability to use kx.RawQConnection as a Python based q server using kx.RawQConnection(port=x, as_server=True).
- More documentation around using this functionality can be found here.

Fixes and Improvements

Improved error on Windows if msvcr100.dll is not found
Updated q libraries to 2023.04.17
Fixed an issue that caused q functions that shared a name with python key words to be inaccessible using the context interface.
- It is now possible to access any q function that uses a python keyword as its name by adding an underscore to the name (e.g. except can now be accessed using q.except_).
Fixed an issue with .pykx.get and .pykx.getattr not raising errors correctly.
Fixed an issue where deserializing data would sometimes not error correctly.

Users can now add new column(s) to an in-memory table using assignment when using the Pandas like API.

Python

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  >>> import os
  >>> os.environ['PYKX_ENABLE_PANDAS_API'] = 'true'
  >>> import pykx as kx
  >>> import numpy as np
  >>> tab = kx.q('([]100?1f;100?1f)')
  >>> tab['x2'] = np.arange(0, 100)
  >>> tab
  pykx.Table(pykx.q('
  x           x1         x2
  -------------------------
  0.1485357   0.1780839  0
  0.4857547   0.3017723  1
  0.7123602   0.785033   2
  0.3839461   0.5347096  3
  0.3407215   0.7111716  4
  0.05400102  0.411597   5
  ..
  '))

PyKX 1.5.3

Release Date

2023-05-18

Additions

Added support for Pandas Float64Index.
Wheels for ARM64 based Macs are now available for download.

PyKX 1.5.2

Release Date

2023-04-30

Additions

Added support for ARM 64 Linux.

PyKX 1.5.1

Release Date

2023-04-28

Fixes and Improvements

Fixed an issue with pykx.q that caused errors to not be raised properly under q.
Fixed an issue when using .pykx.get and .pykx.getattr that caused multiple calls to be made.

PyKX 1.5.0

Release Date

2023-04-17

Additions

Added wrappers around various q system commands.
Added merge method to tables when using the Pandas API.
Added mean/median/mode functions to tables when using the Pandas API.
Added various functions around type conversions on tables when using the Pandas API.

Fixes and Improvements

Fix to allow GUIDs to be sent over IPC.
Fix an issue related to IPC connection using compression.
Improved the logic behind loading pykx.q under a q process allowing it to run on MacOS and Linux in any environment that EmbedPy works in.
Fix an issue that cause the default handler for SIGINT to be overwritten.
pykx.toq.from_callable returns a pykx.Composition rather than pykx.Lambda. When executed returns an unwrapped q object.
Fixed conversion of Pandas Timestamp objects.
Fixed an issue around the PyKXq magic command failing to load properly.
Fixed a bug around conversions of Pandas tables with no column names.
Fixed an issue around .pykx.qeval not returning unwrapped results in certain scenarios.

PyKX 1.4.2

Release Date

2023-03-08

Fixes and Improvements

Fixed an issue that would cause EmbeddedQ to fail to load.

PyKX 1.4.1

Release Date

2023-03-06

Fixes and Improvements

Added constructors for Table and KeyedTable objects to allow creation of these objects from dictionaries and list like objects.
Fixed a memory leak around calling wrapped Foreign objects in pykx.q.
Fixed an issue around the tls keyword argument when creating QConnection instances, as well as a bug in the unlicensed behavior of SecureQConnection's.

PyKX 1.4.0

Release Date

2023-01-23

Additions

Addition of a utility function kx.ssl_info() to retrieve the SSL configuration when running in unlicensed mode (returns the same info as kx.q('-26!0') with a license).
Addition of a utility function kx.schema.builder to allow for the generation of pykx.Table and pykx.KeyedTable types with a defined schema and zero rows, this provides an alternative to writing q code to create an empty table.
Added helper functions for inserting and upserting to k.Table instances. These functions provide new keyword arguments to run a test insert against the table or to enforce that the schema of the new row matches the existing table.
Added environment variable PYKX_NOQCE=1 to skip the loading of q Cloud Edition in order to speed up the import of PyKX.
Added environment variable PYKX_LOAD_PYARROW_UNSAFE=1 to import PyArrow without the "subprocess safety net" which is here to prevent some hard crashes (but is slower than a simple import).
Addition of method file_execute to kx.QConnection objects which allows the execution of a local .q script on a server instance as outlined here.
Added kx.RawQConnection which extends kx.AsyncQConnection with extra functions that allow a user to directly poll the send and receive selectors.
Added environment variable PYKX_RELEASE_GIL=1 to drop the Python GIL on calls into embedded q.
Added environment variable PYKX_Q_LOCK=1 to enable a Mutex Lock around calls into q, setting this environment variable to a number greater than 0 will set the max length in time to block before raising an error, a value of '-1' will block indefinitely and will not error, any other value will cause an error to be raised immediately if the lock cannot be acquired.
Added insert and upsert methods to Table and KeyedTable objects.

Fixes and Improvements

Fixed has_nulls and has_infs properties for subclasses of k.Collection.
Improved error output of kx.QConnection objects when an error is raised within the context interface.
Fixed .py() conversion of nested k.Dictionary objects and keyed k.Dictionary objects.
Fixed unclear error message when querying a QConnection instance that has been closed.
Added support for conversions of non C contiguous Numpy arrays.
Fixed conversion of null GUIDAtom's to and from Numpy types.
Improved performance of converting q enums to pandas Categoricals.

Beta Features

Added support for a Pandas like API around Table and KeyedTable instances, documentation for the specific functionality can be found here.
Added .pykx.setdefault to pykx.q which allows the default conversion type to be set without using environment variables.

PyKX 1.3.2

Release Date

2023-01-06

Features and Fixes

Fixed support for using TLS with SyncQConnection instances.

PyKX 1.3.1

Release Date

2022-11-16

Features and Fixes

Added environment variable PYKX_Q_LIB_LOCATION to specify a path to load the PyKX q libraries from.
- Required files in this directory
  - If you are using the kdb+/q Insights core libraries they all must be present within this folder.
  - The read.q, write.q, and csvutil.q libraries that are bundled with PyKX.
  - A q.k that matches the version of q you are loading.
  - There must also be a subfolder (l64 / m64 / w64) based on the platform you are using.
    - Within this subfolder a copy of these files must also be present.
      - libq.(so / dylib) / q.dll.
      - libe.(so / dylib) / e.dll.
      - If using the Insights core libraries their respective shared objects must also be present here.
Updated core q libraries
- PyKX now supports M1 Macs
- OpenSSLv3 support
Added ability to specify maximum length for IPC error messages. The default is 256 characters and this can be changed by setting the PYKX_MAX_ERROR_LENGTH environment variable.

PyKX 1.3.0

Release Date

2022-10-20

Features and Fixes

Support for converting datetime.datetime objects with time zone information into pykx.TimestampAtoms and pykx.TimestampVectors.
Added a magic command to run cells of q code in a Jupyter Notebook. The addition of %%q at the start of a Jupyter Notebook cell will allow a user to execute q code locally similarly to loading a q file.
Added no_ctx key word argument to pykx.QConnection instances to disable sending extra queries to/from q to manage the context interface.
Improvements to SQL interface for PyKX including the addition of support for prepared statements, execution of these statements and retrieval of inputs see here for more information.
Fix to memory leak seen when converting Pandas Dataframes to q tables.
Removed unnecessary copy when sending q objects over IPC.

Beta Features

EmbedPy replacement functionality pykx.q updated significantly to provide parity with embedPy from a syntax perspective. Documentation of the interface here provides API usage. Note that initialization requires the first version of Python to be retrieved on a users PATH to have PyKX installed. Additional flexibility with respect to installation location is expected in 1.4.0 please provide any feedback to pykx@kx.com

PyKX 1.2.2

Release Date

2022-10-01

Features and Fixes

Fixed an issue causing the timeout argument for QConnection instances to not work properly.

PyKX 1.2.1

Release Date

2022-09-27

Features and Fixes

Added support for OpenSSLv3 for IPC connections created when in 'licensed' mode.
Updated conversion functionality for timestamps to support conversions within Pandas 1.5.0

PyKX 1.2.0

Release Date

2022-09-01

Features and Fixes

Support for converting any python type to a q Foreign object has been added.
Support for converting Pandas categorical types into pykx.EnumVector type objects.
Support for q querying against Pandas/PyArrow tables through internal conversion to q representation and subsequent query. kx.q.qsql.select(<pd.DataFrame>)
Support for casting Python objects prior to converting into K objects. (e.g. kx.IntAtom(3.14, cast=True) or kx.toq("3.14", ktype=kx.FloatAtom, cast=True)).
Support usage of Numpy __array_ufunc__'s directly on pykx.Vector types.
Support usage of Numpy __array_function__'s directly on pykx.Vector types (Note: these will return a Numpy ndarray object not an analogous pykx.K object).
Improved performance of pykx.SymbolVector conversion into native Python type (e.g. .py() conversion for pykx.SymbolVector's).
Improved performance and memory usage of various comparison operators between K types.
Improved performance of various pykx.toq conversions.
pykx.Vector types will now automatically enlist atomic types instead of erroring.
Fixed conversions of Numpy float types into pykx.FloatAtom and pykx.RealAtom types.
Fixed conversion of None Python objects into analogous null K types if a ktype is specified.
Added event_loop parameter to pykx.AsyncQConnection that takes a running event loop as a parameter and allows the event loop to manage pykx.QFuture objects.

Beta Features

Added extra functionality to pykx.q related to the calling and use of python foreign objects directly within a q process.
Support for NEP-49, which allows Numpy arrays to be converted into q Vectors without copying the underlying data. This behavior is opt-in and you can do so by setting the environment variable PYKX_ALLOCATOR to 1, "1" or True or by adding the flag --pykxalloc to the QARGS environment variable. Note: This feature also requires a python version of at least 3.8.
Support the ability to trigger early garbage collection of objects in the q memory space by adding --pykxgc to the QARGS environment variable, or by setting the PYKX_GC environment variable to 1, "1" or True.

PyKX 1.1.1

Release Date

2022-06-13

Features & Fixes

Added ability to skip symlinking $QHOME to PyKX's local $QHOME by setting the environment variable IGNORE_QHOME.

PyKX 1.1.0

Release Date

2022-06-07

Dependencies

The dependency on the system library libcurl has been made optional for Linux. If it is missing on Linux, a warning will be emitted instead of an error being raised, and the KX Insights Core library kurl will not be fully loaded. Windows and macOS are unaffected, as they don't support the KX Insights Core features to begin with.

Features & Fixes

Splayed and partitioned tables no longer emit warnings when instantiated.
Added pykx.Q.sql, which is a wrapper around KXI Core SQL.
.pykx.pyexec and .pykx.pyeval no longer segfault when called with a character atom.
Updated several pykx.toq tests so that they would not randomly fail.
Fixed error when pickling pykx.util.BlockManager in certain esoteric situations.
Fixed pandas.MultiIndex objects created by PyKX having pykx.SymbolAtom objects within them - now they have str objects instead, as they normally would.
Upgraded the included KX Insights Core libraries to version 3.0.0.
Added pykx.toq.from_datetime_date, which converts datetime.date objects into any q temporal atom that can represent a date (defaulting to a date atom).
Fixed error when user specifies -s or -q in $QARGS.
Fixed recursion error when accessing a non-existent attribute of pykx.q while in unlicensed mode. Now an attribute error is raised instead.
Fixed build error introduced by new rules enforced by new versions of setuptools.
Added pykx.Anymap.
Fixed support for kx.lic licenses.
The KXIC libraries are now loaded after q has been fully initialized, rather than during the initialization. This significantly reduces the time it takes to import PyKX.
PyKX now uses a single location for $QHOME: its lib directory within the installed package. The top-level contents of the $QHOME directory (prior to PyKX updating the env var when embedded q is initialized) will be symlinked into PyKX's lib directory, along with the content of any subdirectories under lib (e.g. l64, m64, w64). This enables loading scripts and libraries located in the original $QHOME directory during q initialization.
Improved performance (both execution speed and memory usage) of calling np.array on pykx.Vector instances. The best practice is still to use the np method instead of calling np.array on the pykx.Vector instance.
pykx.Vector is now a subclass of collections.abc.Sequence.
pykx.Mapping is not a subclass of collections.abc.Mapping.
Split pykx.QConnection into pykx.SyncQConnection and pykx.AsyncQConnection and added support for asynchronous IPC with q using async/await. Refer to the pykx.AsyncQConnection docs for more details.
Pandas dataframes containing Pandas extension arrays not originally created as Numpy arrays would result in errors when attempting to convert to q. For example a Dataframe with index of type pandas.MultiIndex.from_arrays would result in an error in conversion.
Improved performance of converting pykx.SymbolVector to numpy.array of strings, and also the conversion back from a numpy.array of strings to a qSymbolVector.
Improved performance of converting numpy.array's of dtypes datetime64/timedelta64 to the various pykx.TemporalTypes.

PyKX 1.0.1

Release Date

2022-03-18

Deprecations & Removals

The sync parameter for pykx.QConnection and pykx.QConnection.__call__ has been renamed to the less confusing name wait. The sync parameter remains, but its usage will result in a DeprecationWarning being emitted. The sync parameter will be removed in a future version.

Features & Fixes

Updated to stable classifier (Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable) in project metadata. Despite this update being done in version 1.0.1, version 1.0.0 is still the first stable release of PyKX.
PyKX now provides source distributions (sdist). It can be downloaded from PyPI using pip download --no-binary=:all: --no-deps pykx. As noted in the installation docs, installations built from the source will only receive support on a best-effort basis.
Fixed Pandas NaT conversion to q types. Now pykx.toq(pandas.NaT, ktype=ktype) produces a null temporal atom for any given ktype (e.g. pykx.TimeAtom).
Added a doc page for limitations of embedded q.
Added a test to ensure large vectors are correctly handled (5 GiB).
Always use synchronous queries internally, i.e. fix QConnection(sync=False).
Disabled the context interface over IPC. This is a temporary measure that will be reversed once q function objects are updated to run in the environment they were defined in by default.
Reduced the time it takes to import PyKX. There are plans to reduce it further, as import pykx remains fairly slow.
Updated to KXI Core 2.1 & rename qce -> kxic.
Misc test updates.
Misc doc updates.

PyKX 1.0.0

Release Date

2022-02-14

Migration Notes

To switch from Pykdb to PyKX, you will need to update the name of the dependency from pykdb to pykx in your pyproject.toml/requirements.txt/setup.cfg/etc. When Pykdb was renamed to PyKX, its version number was reset. The first public release of PyKX has the version number 1.0.0, and will employ semantic versioning.

Pay close attention to the renames listed below, as well as the removals. Many things have been moved to the top-level, or otherwise reorganized. A common idiom with Pykdb was the following:

Python

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from pykdb import q, k

It is recommended that the following be used instead:

Python

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import pykx as kx

This way the many attributes at the top-level can be easily accessed without any loss of context, for example:

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kx.q # Can be called to execute q code
kx.K # Base type for objects in q; can be used to convert a Python object into a q type
kx.SymbolAtom # Type for symbol atoms; can be used to convert a `str` or `bytes` into a symbol atom
kx.QContext # Represents a q context via the PyKX context interface
kx.QConnection # Can be called to connect to a q process via q IPC
kx.PyKXException # Base exception type for exceptions specific to PyKX and q
kx.QError # Exception type for errors that occur in q
kx.LicenseException # Exception type raised when features that require a license are used without
kx.QHOME # Path from which to load q files, set by $QHOME environment variable
kx.QARGS # List of arguments provided to the embedded q instance at startup, set by $QARGS environment variable
# etc.

You can no longer rely on the context being reset to the global context after each call into embedded q, however IPC calls are unaffected.

Renames

Pykdb has been renamed to PyKX. Pykdb -> PyKX; PYKDB -> PyKX; pykdb -> pykx.
The adapt module has been renamed to toq, and it can be called directly. Instead of pykdb.adapt.adapt(x) one should write pykx.toq(x).
The k module has been renamed to wrappers. All wrapper classes can be accessed from the top-level, i.e. pykx.K, pykx.SymbolAtom, etc.
The "module interface" (pykdb.module_interface) has been renamed to the "context interface" (pykx.ctx). All pykx.Q instances (i.e. pykx.q and all pykx.QConnection instances) have a ctx attribute, which is the global QContext for that pykx.Q instance. Usually, one need not directly access the global context. Instead, one can access its subcontexts directly e.g. q.dbmaint instead of q.ctx.dbmaint.
KdbError (and its subclasses) have been renamed to QError
pykdb.ctx.KdbContext has been renamed to pykx.ctx.QContext, and is available from the top-level, i.e. pykx.QContext.
The Connection class in the IPC module has been renamed to QConnection, and is now available at the top-level, i.e. pykx.QConnection.
The q type wrapper DynamicLoad has been renamed to Foreign (pykdb.k.DynamicLoad -> pykx.Foreign).

Deprecations & Removals

The pykdb.q.ipc attribute has been removed. The IPC module can be accessed directly instead at pykx.ipc, but generally one will only need to access the QConnection class, which can be accessed at the top-level: pykx.QConnection.
The pykdb.q.K attribute has been removed. Instead, K types can be used as constructors for that type by leveraging the toq module. For example, instead of pykdb.q.K(x) one should write pykx.K(x). Instead of pykx.q.K(x, k_type=pykx.k.SymbolAtom) one should write pykx.SymbolAtom(x) or pykx.toq(x, ktype=pykx.SymbolAtom).
Most KdbError/QError subclasses have been removed, as identifying them is error prone, and we are unable to provide helpful error messages for most of them.
The pykx.kdb singleton class has been removed.

Dependencies

More Numpy, Pandas, and PyArrow versions are supported. Current pandas~=1.0, numpy~=1.20,<1.22, and pyarrow>=3.0.0 are supported. PyArrow remains an optional dependency.
A dependency on find-libpython~=0.2 was added. This is only used when running PyKX under a q process (see details in the section below about new alpha features).
A dependency on the system library libcurl was added for Linux. This dependency will be made optional in a future release.

Features & Fixes

The pykx.Q class has been added as the base class for pykx.EmbeddedQ (the class for pykx.q) and pykx.QConnection.
The pykx.EmbeddedQ process now persists its context between calls.
The console now works over IPC.
The query module now works over IPC. Because K objects hold no reference to the q instance that created them (be it local or over IPC), K tables no longer have select/exec/update/delete methods with themselves projected in as the first argument. That is to say, instead of writing t.select(...), write q.qsql.select(t, ...), where q is either pykx.q or an instance of pykx.QConnection, and t was obtained from q.
The context interface now works over IPC.
Nulls and infinities are now handled as nulls and infinities, rather than as their underlying values. pykx.Atom.is_null, pykx.Atom.is_inf, pykx.Collection.has_nulls, and pykx.Collection.has_infs have been added. Numpy, Pandas, and PyArrow handles integral nulls with masked arrays, and they handle temporal nulls with NaT. NaN continues to be used for real/float nulls. The general Python representation (from .py()) uses K objects for nulls and infinities.
Calling bool on pykx.K objects now either raises a TypeError, or return the unambiguously correct result. For ambiguous cases such as pykx.Collection instances, use .any(), .all(), or a length check instead.
Assignment to q reserved words or the q context now raises a pykx.PyKXException.
pykx.toq.from_list (previously pykdb.adapt.adapt_list) now works in unlicensed mode.
q.query and q.sql are now placeholders (set to None). The query interface can be accessed from q.qsql.
Ternary pow now raises TypeError for RealNumericVector and RealNumericAtom.
QContext objects are now context handlers, e.g. with pykx.q.dbmaint: # operate in .dbmaint within this block. This context handler supports arbitrary nesting.
__getitem__ now raises a pykx.LicenseException when used in unlicensed mode. Previously it worked for a few select types only. If running in unlicensed mode, one should perform all q indexing in the connected q process, and all Python indexing after converting the K object to a Python/Numpy/Pandas/PyArrow object.
pykx.QConnection (previously pykdb.ipc.Connection) objects now have an informative/idiomatic repr.
Calls to pykx.q now support up to 8 arguments beyond the required query at position 0, similar to calling pykx.QConnection instances. These arguments are applied to the result of the query.
Embedded q is now used to count the number of rows a table has.
All dynamic linking to libq and libe has been replaced by dynamic loading. As a result, the modules previously known as adapt and adapt_unlicensed have been unified under pykx.toq.
PyKX now attempts to initialize embedded q when pykx is imported, rather than when pykx.q is first accessed. As a result, the error-prone practice of supplying the pykx.kdb singleton class with arguments for embedded q is now impossible.
Arguments for embedded q can now be supplied via the environment variable $QARGS in the form of command-line arguments. For example, QARGS='--unlicensed' causes PyKX to enter unlicensed mode when it is started, and QARGS='-o 8' causes embedded q to use an offset from UTC of 8 hours. These could be combined as QARGS='--unlicensed -o 8'.
Added the --licensed startup flag (to be provided via the $QARGS environment variable), which can be used to raise a pykx.PyKXException (rather than emitting a warning) if PyKX fails to start in licensed mode (likely because of a missing/invalid q license).
PyKX Linux wheels are now PEP 600 compliant, built to the manylinux_2_17 standard.
Misc other bug fixes.
Misc doc improvements.

Performance Improvements

Converting nested lists from q to Python is much faster.
Internally, PyKX now calls q functions with arguments directly instead of creating a pykx.Function instance then calling it. This results in modest performance benefits in some cases.
The context interface no longer loads every element of a context when the context is first accessed, thereby removing the computation spike, which could be particularly intense for large q contexts.

New Alpha Features

WARNING

Alpha features are not stable will be subject to changes without notice. Use at your own risk.

q can now load PyKX by loading the q file pykx.q. pykx.q can be copied into $QHOME by running pykx.install_into_QHOME(). When loaded into q, it will define the .pykx namespace, which notably has .pykx.exec and .pykx.pyeval. This allows for Python code to be run within q libraries and applications without some of the limitations of embedded q such as the lack of the q main loop, or the lack of timers. When q loads pykx.q, it attempts to source the currently active Python environment by running python, then fetching the environment details from it.